Solidago sempervirens |
Solidago tortifolia |
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seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte |
twist-leaf goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 40–200 cm; caudices short, stout. | Plants 30–130 cm; caudices small, woody, rhizomes creeping, elongate. | ||||
Stems | 1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays. |
1–10, ascending to erect, uniformly finely strigillose-villous distal to mid. |
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Leaves | rosettes present at flowering; basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous; mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire. |
basal cauline nearly always withering well before flowering, linear-oblanceolate, smaller than proximal mid cauline, serrate; proximal persisting, sometimes brown-black after senescence, often twisted; proximal to distal numerous (100+ on tall stems), crowded, sessile, blades (bright green) linear to linear-lanceolate, 20–70 × 2–7(–10) mm, margins remotely serrulate (proximal) to entire or with 1–2 minute serrations (distal), obscurely 3-nerved, one or both faces glabrous or finely strigillose. |
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Peduncles | 2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
1–4 mm, finely strigilloso-villous; bracteoles 0–2, linear, grading into phyllaries. |
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Involucres | 3–7 mm. |
narrowly campanulate, 2.5–3.5 mm. |
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Ray florets | 8–17; laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm. |
2–8; laminae 1–2 × 0.25–0.5 mm. |
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Disc florets | 10–22; corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm. |
2–4(–6); corollas 2.3–3.5 mm, lobes 0.4–1 mm. |
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Phyllaries | in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute. |
in 3–4 series, strongly unequal; outer ovate, acute, inner oblong, obtuse to rounded. |
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Heads | 20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally. |
100–300+, in short to elongate, pyramidal paniculiform arrays, branches recurved, secund. |
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Cypselae | (obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose; pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate). |
(narrowly obconic) 1 mm, strigillose; pappi 2–3 mm. |
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2n | = 18. |
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Solidago sempervirens |
Solidago tortifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug–Nov (year-round). | |||||
Habitat | Dry, usually sandy soils, pinelands, embankments | |||||
Elevation | 0–100+ m (0–300+ ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Mexico; Central America; West Indies [Introduced inland around Great Lakes, introduced to Atlantic Islands (Azores)]
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AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 136. | FNA vol. 20, p. 158. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Maritimae | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Aster sempervirens | |||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 878. (1753) | Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2: 377. (1823) | ||||
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