Solidago sempervirens
Solidago squarrosa
seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte
squarrose goldenrod, stout goldenrod, verge d'or squarreuse
1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays.
1–5+, erect, glabrous proximal to arrays.
rosettes present at flowering;
basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous;
mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire.
basal and proximal cauline tapering quickly to long, winged ciliate-margined petioles, blades ovate, 50–200 × 20–100 mm, margins serrate;
mid to distal cauline sessile, blades oblanceolate, 30–100 × 8–35 mm, reduced distally and becoming lanceolate-ovate, margins entire, abaxially sparsely strigose along nerves.
2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy.
8–10 mm.
3–7 mm.
5–9 mm.
8–17;
laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm.
10–16;
laminae 4–6.5 × 0.4–0.6 mm.
10–22;
corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm.
15–30;
corollas 5–5.6 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm.
in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute.
(20–26) in 4–6 series, recurved, unequal, conspicuously spreading, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute to obtuse, finely strigose.
20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally.
20–200, not secund, in narrow, elongate arrays of axillary and terminal racemiform clusters, branches and peduncles hairy, leafy-bracteate proximally.
(obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose;
pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate).
(obconic) 1.5–2 mm, glabrous;
pappi 3–4.3 mm.
= 18.
Solidago sempervirens
Solidago squarrosa
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).
Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Involucres 4–7 mm, rays 12–17, disc florets ca. 17–22; Newfoundland to New Jersey, locally to Virginia | subsp. sempervirens |
1. Involucres 3–4 mm, rays 7–11, disc florets ca. 10–16; Massachusetts to Texas and southward | subsp. mexicana |
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