Solidago sempervirens |
Solidago spithamaea |
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seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte |
Blue Ridge goldenrod, skunk or Blue Ridge goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 40–200 cm; caudices short, stout. | Plants 10–40 cm (with somewhat noxious odor); rhizomes short, stout, or branched caudices. | ||||
Stems | 1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays. |
1–10+, erect (usually simple), rough-puberulent or shortly spreading hirsute, or proximally glabrate. |
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Leaves | rosettes present at flowering; basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous; mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire. |
basal petioles 1.5–7 mm, blades spatulate to lanceolate or subrhombic, mostly 50–109 × 15–40 mm, bases tapering, glabrous, margins sharply serrate, ciliate, apices acuminate; mid and distal sessile, blades lanceolate to subrhombic, much reduced distally, margins serrulate becoming entire distally, glabrous. |
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Peduncles | 2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
1–7, short-strigose; bracts leaflike, 5–15 mm. |
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Involucres | 3–7 mm. |
campanulate, 5–6 mm. |
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Ray florets | 8–17; laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm. |
8–10(–15); laminae 2–3.5 mm. |
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Disc florets | 10–22; corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm. |
20–60; corollas 3.5–4.5 mm, lobes 1.5–2 mm. |
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Phyllaries | in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute. |
(in 3–4 series) lanceolate, unequal (midnerves swollen), acute to acuminate (tips dark green). |
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Heads | 20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally. |
15–50+ in compactly rounded corymbiform arrays, becoming paniculiform in robust plants. |
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Cypselae | (obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose; pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate). |
2–3 mm, sparsely strigose to glabrate; pappi (of 12–22 bristles) about 3 mm. |
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2n | = 54. |
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Solidago sempervirens |
Solidago spithamaea |
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Phenology | Flowering Sep–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Rock crevices of exposed outcrops | |||||
Elevation | 1600–2000 m (5200–6600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Mexico; Central America; West Indies [Introduced inland around Great Lakes, introduced to Atlantic Islands (Azores)]
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NC; TN |
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Solidago spithamaea is listed as threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The species is extant at only three locations; all other known populations were extirpated. It is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 136. | FNA vol. 20, p. 111. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Maritimae | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Multiradiatae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Aster sempervirens | Aster spithamaeus | ||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 878. (1753) | M. A. Curtis ex A. Gray: Amer. J. Sci. Arts 42: 42. (1842) | ||||
Web links |