Solidago sempervirens |
Solidago pinetorum |
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seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte |
pineywoods goldenrod, Small's goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 40–200 cm; caudices short, stout. | Plants 40–110 cm; caudices branched, woody, new rosettes arising at bases of old stems or at ends of 0.5–5 cm rhizomes. | ||||
Stems | 1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays. |
1–5+, ascending to erect, slender, glabrous; distal axils bearing short lateral branches with several spreading leaves. |
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Leaves | rosettes present at flowering; basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous; mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire. |
basal blades mostly linear-oblanceolate, 40–160 × 10–20 mm, smallest (10 mm) nearly spatulate, margins shallowly serrate or subentire, sometimes ciliate, ± strongly 3-nerved, apices obtuse to mostly acute, faces glabrous; mid and distal cauline spreading to reflexed, blades linear, 15–60 × 1–4 mm, reduced to linear bracts in arrays, glabrous. |
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Peduncles | 2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
1–5 mm, bracts 0–5, linear-lanceolate, 1–3 mm, distal grading into phyllaries. |
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Involucres | 3–7 mm. |
narrowly campanulate, 3–4 mm. |
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Ray florets | 8–17; laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm. |
3–7; laminae 2–3 × ca. 0.5 mm. |
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Disc florets | 10–22; corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm. |
5–9; corollas 3–3.5 mm, lobes 0.5–0.8 mm. |
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Phyllaries | in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute. |
in 2–3 series, strongly unequal, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse to rounded, glabrous. |
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Heads | 20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally. |
50–350, secund, in paniculiform arrays, openly secund-pyramidal with proximal branches spreading recurved, or as broad as long with proximal branches widely ascending, recurved (elm-tree shaped). |
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Cypselae | (obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose; pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate). |
(obconic) 1 mm (with several prominent ridges), glabrous or slightly hairy distally; pappi 2–3 mm. |
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2n | = 18. |
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Solidago sempervirens |
Solidago pinetorum |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep. | |||||
Habitat | Open places and dry woods, especially in sandy soil, rocky sand bars | |||||
Elevation | 0–400(–700) m (0–1300(–2300) ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Mexico; Central America; West Indies [Introduced inland around Great Lakes, introduced to Atlantic Islands (Azores)]
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NC; SC; VA
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solidago pinetorum is found in the Piedmont and the Atlantic coastal plain. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 136. | FNA vol. 20, p. 141. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Maritimae | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Junceae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Aster sempervirens | |||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 878. (1753) | Small: Fl. S.E. U.S., 1200, 1339. (1903) | ||||
Web links |