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seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte

shiny goldenrod

Habit Plants 40–200 cm; caudices short, stout. Plants 30–100 cm; caudices branching; vascular bundles and petiole bases persistent (attached to old stems for more than a season).
Stems

1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays.

1–10+, ascending-erect, glabrous proximally, usually moderately scabrous-puberulent distally.

Leaves

rosettes present at flowering;

basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous;

mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire.

basal often present at flowering as new rosettes;

basal and proximal cauline often with distal portions withering by flowering, long-petiolate, blades shiny, ± 3-nerved, linear to oblanceolate, (30–)100–250 × (2–)5–15 mm, margins entire or sparsely serrulate, faces glabrous;

mid and distal cauline sessile, blades linear-lanceolate to linear, 15–80 × 1–7 mm, much reduced distally, faces glabrous or scabrous.

Peduncles

2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy.

usually moderately to densely strigillose, sometimes sparsely so or glabrous;

bracts minute.

Involucres

3–7 mm.

campanulate, 4.5–6 mm.

Ray florets

8–17;

laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm.

1–4;

laminae 3–5 × 1–1.5 mm.

Disc florets

10–22;

corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm.

7–13;

corollas 4–5 mm, lobes 0.5–1 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute.

in 3–4 series, broadly oblong, unequal, firm, striately nerved, rounded, glabrous.

Heads

20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally.

20–150+ in compactly corymbiform arrays, sometimes somewhat rounded.

Cypselae

(obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose;

pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate).

(dark brown, obconic, full) 2–3 mm (7–10 nerved), glabrous;

pappi 4–5 mm (clavate).

2n

= 18.

Solidago sempervirens

Solidago nitida

Phenology Flowering (Jul–)Aug–Oct.
Habitat Prairies and open woods
Elevation 0–300 m (0–1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Mexico; Central America; West Indies [Introduced inland around Great Lakes, introduced to Atlantic Islands (Azores)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; LA; MS; OK; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Involucres 4–7 mm, rays 12–17, disc florets ca. 17–22; Newfoundland to New Jersey, locally to Virginia
subsp. sempervirens
1. Involucres 3–4 mm, rays 7–11, disc florets ca. 10–16; Massachusetts to Texas and southward
subsp. mexicana
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 136. FNA vol. 20, p. 166.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Maritimae Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Ptarmicoidei
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. sempervirens subsp. mexicana, S. sempervirens subsp. sempervirens
Synonyms Aster sempervirens Oligoneuron nitidum
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 878. (1753) Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 210. (1842)
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