Solidago sempervirens |
Solidago juncea |
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seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte |
early goldenrod, verge d'or junciforme |
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Habit | Plants 40–200 cm; caudices short, stout. | Plants 30–120 cm; caudices branching, sometimes with elongate rhizomes forming new rosettes. | ||||
Stems | 1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays. |
1–10+, erect, glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy in arrays; usually with fascicles of small leaves in axils of distal leaves. |
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Leaves | rosettes present at flowering; basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous; mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire. |
basal and proximal cauline tapering gradually to winged petioles, blades oblanceolate to ovate, 100–300 × 20–70 mm, usually multiple lateral nerves pronounced, margins sharply serrate, ciliate, faces glabrous; mid to distal cauline sessile, blades linear-lanceolate, 30–50 × 8–11 mm, reduced distally, margins entire or finely serrate. |
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Peduncles | 2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
1.5–6 mm, glabrous or sparsely strigillose; bracteoles 0–2, linear. |
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Involucres | 3–7 mm. |
narrowly campanulate, 3–4 mm. |
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Ray florets | 8–17; laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm. |
7–12; laminae 2–2.5 × 0.2–0.5 mm. |
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Disc florets | 10–22; corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm. |
8–15; corollas 2.5–3 mm, lobes 0.5–0.8 mm. |
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Phyllaries | in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute. |
in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, outer ovate, acute, inner lanceolate, obtuse. |
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Heads | 20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally. |
60–450, secund, in paniculiform arrays, openly secund-pyramidal with proximal branches spreading-recurved, or as broad as long with proximal branches widely ascending, recurved (elm-tree shaped). |
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Cypselae | (obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose; pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate). |
0.9–1.5 mm, sparsely strigose; pappi 2.5–3.5 mm. |
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2n | = 18. |
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Solidago sempervirens |
Solidago juncea |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep. | |||||
Habitat | Open sandy soils, disturbed areas, fields | |||||
Elevation | 0–1000+ m (0–3300+ ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Mexico; Central America; West Indies [Introduced inland around Great Lakes, introduced to Atlantic Islands (Azores)]
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AL; AR; CT; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Several varieties of Solidago juncea have been described; they do not appear to warrant recognition, each grading into the other. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 136. | FNA vol. 20, p. 141. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Maritimae | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Junceae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Aster sempervirens | S. arguta var. juncea, S. arguta var. scabrella, S. juncea var. neobohemica, S. juncea var. ramosa, S. juncea var. scabrella | ||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 878. (1753) | Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 213. (1789) | ||||
Web links |