Solidago sempervirens
Solidago flexicaulis
seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte
broad-leaf goldenrod, verge d'or à tige zigzaguante, zig-zag goldenrod
1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays.
1–5+, flexuous, sparsely to moderately hairy in arrays.
rosettes present at flowering;
basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous;
mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire.
rosettes present at flowering;
basal and proximal cauline tapering to winged petioles, blades ovate, (70–)100–140(–180) × (27–)40–60(–80) mm (petioles 1/4–1/2 total leaf length), margins serrate-serrulate [teeth (14–)21–33(–45)], abaxial faces glabrous or moderately hairy, more densely so on nerves, adaxial glabrous or sparsely hairy;
mid to distal cauline sessile, blades narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 38–90(–150) × 10–30(–55) mm, reduced distally, becoming lanceolate in arrays, bases tapering, margins entire to serrate, apices acuminate to cuspidate, faces glabrous or sparsely hairy, abaxial glabrous or moderately hairy, more densely so along nerves.
2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy.
0.5–5 mm, moderately to densely strigose;
bracteoles 1–3, lanceolate, usually near base of involucres and grading into phyllaries.
3–7 mm.
campanulate, 4.5–7(–8) mm.
8–17;
laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm.
1–5;
laminae (2–)2.5–4(–5) × 0.7–2 mm.
10–22;
corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm.
4–8(–11);
corollas 2–3(–4) mm, lobes 1–1.6(–2) mm.
in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute.
in ca. 3 series, strongly unequal, outermost 1–2 mm, innermost 3.7–4.7(–5.7) mm, linear-oblong, 1-nerved, apices obtuse to acute.
20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally.
25–250, in short axillary and terminal racemiform clusters, lateral panicles (2–)7–31(–56) cm.
(obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose;
pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate).
(obconic) 1–2(–3) mm, moderately to densely strigose;
pappi 3–4.5 mm.
= 18, 36.
Solidago sempervirens
Solidago flexicaulis
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).
Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
The two cytotypes of Solidago flexicaulis show a strong geographic pattern. Diploids mostly occur east of the Appalachians except in the southwestern portion of the range, while tetraploids occur west of the mountains (J. G. Chmielewski and J. C. Semple 1985). The report of 2n = 90 for the species (Semple et al. 1993) was based on a specimen of the recently described Solidago faucibus. The significance of ploidy level on cypselae traits was analyzed in detail by Chmielewski et al. (1989).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Involucres 4–7 mm, rays 12–17, disc florets ca. 17–22; Newfoundland to New Jersey, locally to Virginia | subsp. sempervirens |
1. Involucres 3–4 mm, rays 7–11, disc florets ca. 10–16; Massachusetts to Texas and southward | subsp. mexicana |
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