Solidago sempervirens |
Solidago elongata |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte |
Cascade Canada goldenrod, narrow goldenrod, west coast Canada goldenrod, west coast goldenrod, west coast or Cascade Canada goldenrod |
|||||
Habit | Plants 40–200 cm; caudices short, stout. | Plants 25–150 cm; rhizomes short to long creeping, forming few- to many-stemmed clones. | ||||
Stems | 1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays. |
1–20+, erect, proximally sparsely to moderately strigoso-villous, distally usually moderately to densely so. |
||||
Leaves | rosettes present at flowering; basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous; mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire. |
basal 0; proximal cauline sessile, blades narrowly to broadly oblanceolate, 35–75(–100) × (6–)7.5–14(–20) mm, proximal much smaller, tapering to bases, margins subentire or finely serrulate to coarsely, sharply serrate (teeth 0–9 per side), ciliate, 3-nerved, sometimes obscurely so, apices acute, abaxial faces glabrate to sparsely short-strigose, adaxial glabrous; mid to distal cauline sessile, blades oblanceolate, becoming lanceolate distally, 20–60 × 4–8(–11) mm, largest near mid stem, somewhat to much reduced distally, margins entire or finely serrulate, rarely serrate (teeth 1–8 per side), usually becoming entire to sparsely serrulate distally, ciliate, apices acute, faces glabrous or sparsely strigoso-villous, more so along abaxial nerves. |
||||
Peduncles | 2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
2–7 mm, sparsely to moderately short strigoso-villous; bracteoles 1–3, linear, rarely minutely stipitate-glandular. |
||||
Involucres | 3–7 mm. |
narrowly campanulate, 2.5–3.5(–4) mm. |
||||
Ray florets | 8–17; laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm. |
(8–)11–15(–17); laminae 1–2.5 × 0.1–0.4(–0.7) mm. |
||||
Disc florets | 10–22; corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm. |
(3–)5–11(–16); corollas 2.6–3.7(–4) mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm. |
||||
Phyllaries | in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute. |
in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, margins sparsely long ciliate, acute, faces glabrous, rarely sparsely minutely stipitate-glandular; outer lanceolate, inner linear-lanceolate. |
||||
Heads | 20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally. |
12–500+, sometimes secund, in short to long, thyrsiform or narrowly secund-pyramidal paniculiform arrays, usually congested, club-shaped to rarely wand-shaped, (2.5–) 10–20 × (2–)4–8(–10) cm, branches usually ascending or sometimes arching spreading. |
||||
Cypselae | (obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose; pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate). |
(narrowly obconic) 1–1.5 mm, sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi 2.5–3.3 mm. |
||||
2n | = 18, 36. |
|||||
Solidago sempervirens |
Solidago elongata |
|||||
Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Sandy, gravelly soils, coastal headlands, thickets, open woods, meadows, along streams and creeks | |||||
Elevation | 0–2800 m (0–9200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Mexico; Central America; West Indies [Introduced inland around Great Lakes, introduced to Atlantic Islands (Azores)]
|
CA; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
|
||||
Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In California, coastal plants of Solidago elongata often have thicker leaves; those of the Sierras are often membranous and obscurely triple-nerved. This species can be similar to S. lepida, which usually has much larger distal cauline leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 136. | FNA vol. 20, p. 154. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Maritimae | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Aster sempervirens | S. canadensis subsp. elongata, S. caurina, S. elongata var. microcephala, S. lepida var. caurina, S. lepida var. elongata | ||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 878. (1753) | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 327. (1841) | ||||
Web links |
|