Solidago sempervirens
Solidago canadensis
seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte
Canada goldenrod, verge d'or du Canada
1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays.
1–20+, erect, glabrate proximally or sparsely strigoso-villous, becoming more densely so distal to mid stem.
rosettes present at flowering;
basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous;
mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire.
basal 0;
proximal to mid cauline usually withering by flowering, tapering to sessile bases, blades narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 50–190 × 5–30 mm, margins sharply serrate, 3-nerved, apices acuminate, abaxial faces glabrous or more commonly hairy along main nerves, adaxial glabrous or slightly scabrous;
mid to distal similar, 30–50(–120) × 8–12 mm, largest near mid stem, reduced distally, margins usually serrate or serrulate (teeth 3–8), sometimes entire proximal to arrays.
2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy.
3–3.4 mm, bracteoles 0–3, linear-triangular.
3–7 mm.
narrowly campanulate, 1.7–2.5(–3) mm.
8–17;
laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm.
(5–)8–14(–18);
laminae 0.5–1.5 × 0.15–0.3(–0.5) mm.
10–22;
corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm.
(2–)3–6(–8);
corollas 2.2–2.8(–3) mm, lobes 0.4–0.8(–1) mm.
in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute.
in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, acute to obtuse;
outer lanceolate, inner linear-lanceolate.
20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally.
(70–)150–1300+, secund, in secund pyramidal-paniculiform arrays (obscurely so and club-shaped thyrsiform in small plants or shoots with small arrays), branches divergent and recurved, branches and peduncles hairy.
(obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose;
pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate).
(narrowly obconic) 1–1.5 mm (ribbed), sparsely strigose;
pappi 1.8–2.2 mm.
Solidago sempervirens
Solidago canadensis
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).
Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).
Solidago canadensis is cultivated and introduced in more western states and in Europe. Very narrow limits for the species are followed here. Alternatively, the species has been defined broadly to include most other species of the subsection (e.g., A. Cronquist 1994).
Solidago ×bartramiana Fernald [S. canadensis var. bartramiana (Fernald) Beaudry] is considered to be a hybrid between S. canadensis and S. uliginosa. Its growth form and array are more like those of the latter.
Two sometimes difficult-to-distinguish varieties with greatly overlapping ranges are recognized.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Involucres 4–7 mm, rays 12–17, disc florets ca. 17–22; Newfoundland to New Jersey, locally to Virginia | subsp. sempervirens |
1. Involucres 3–4 mm, rays 7–11, disc florets ca. 10–16; Massachusetts to Texas and southward | subsp. mexicana |
1. Mid to proximal stems glabrous or sparsely hairy | var. canadensis |
1. Mid to proximal stems moderately hairy | var. hargeri |
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