Solidago sempervirens
Solidago caesia
seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte
axillary goldenrod, blue-stem goldenrod, blue-stem or woodland or wreath goldenrod, verge d'or bleuâtre, wreath goldenrod
1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays.
1–10+, usually blue to purple, glaucous, arching, straight, usually simple, occasionally with 2–3(–4) elongated lateral branches, glabrous or slightly strigose in arrays.
rosettes present at flowering;
basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous;
mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire.
basal withering by flowering;
proximal to mid cauline sessile, blades lanceolate, (47–)70–100(–150) × 8–20(–30) mm, margins serrate (with 0–24 teeth per side), apices acuminate, faces abaxially glabrous or sparsely hairy, adaxially sparsely hairy;
distal sessile, blades narrowly lanceolate, (20–)40–70(–100) × (3.4–)5.6–11(–17) mm, margins entire to slightly serrate, faces glabrous or sparsely hairy.
2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy.
2–10 mm, sparsely to moderately strigose;
bracteoles linear, 1–8.
3–7 mm.
narrowly campanulate, (3.5–)4.8–6(–7.2) mm.
8–17;
laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm.
1–6;
laminae (1.5–)2–3(–4) × ca. 1 mm.
10–22;
corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm.
3–6(–9);
corollas 2–3(–4) mm, lobes (0.5–)1–1.5(–2) mm.
in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute.
in ca. 3 series, unequal, outermost lanceolate (1–1.7 mm), acute, innermost linear-oblong (2.3–4 mm), 1-nerved, obtuse to acute.
20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally.
9–380, in short, secund, axillary and terminal racemo-paniculiform clusters (4.4–)13–36(–58) cm.
(obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose;
pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate).
1–2(–2.5) mm, moderately to densely strigose;
pappi 2–3(–3.7) mm.
Solidago sempervirens
Solidago caesia
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).
Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).
Solidago caesia is sometimes defined more broadly to include the erect-stemmed S. curtisii and S. ouachitensis.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Involucres 4–7 mm, rays 12–17, disc florets ca. 17–22; Newfoundland to New Jersey, locally to Virginia | subsp. sempervirens |
1. Involucres 3–4 mm, rays 7–11, disc florets ca. 10–16; Massachusetts to Texas and southward | subsp. mexicana |
1. Proximal midcauline leaves narrowly lanceolate, 50–150 × 8–30 cm; stems strongly arching; throughout most of range | var. caesia |
1. Proximal midcauline leaves shorter and broadly lanceolate to rhombic, 50–90 × 13–24 mm; stems weakly arching; wet lowlands of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi | var. zedia |
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