Solidago sempervirens |
Solidago bicolor |
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seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte |
silverrod, verge d'or bicolore, white goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 40–200 cm; caudices short, stout. | Plants 20–100 cm; caudices branching. | ||||
Stems | 1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays. |
1(–5), erect, usually branching only in array, moderately to densely hispido-villous. |
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Leaves | rosettes present at flowering; basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous; mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire. |
basal and proximal cauline tapering to winged petioles, blades oblanceolate to ovate, 35–210 × 15–50 mm, margins serrate or crenate, apices acute, sparsely to moderately soft hispido-villous, more densely so on abaxial nerves; rosettes on rhizome branches sometimes present at flowering; mid and distal cauline sessile, blades elliptic, 15–50 × 5–15 mm, distally reduced, margins entire. |
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Peduncles | 2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
1.5–2.5 mm, hispido-villous to canescent. |
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Involucres | 3–7 mm. |
campanulate, 3–5 mm. |
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Ray florets | 8–17; laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm. |
7–9 (white); laminae 3.5–4 × 1–1.5 mm. |
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Disc florets | 10–22; corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm. |
9–12; corollas 3–4 mm, lobes 0.6–1.2 mm. |
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Phyllaries | in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute. |
in 3–4 series, appressed, strongly unequal, oblong, margins white, scarious, apices obtuse to rounded. |
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Heads | 20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally. |
12–270 (1–15 per branch) in usually wand-shaped paniculiform arrays, of short axillary and terminal racemiform, non-secund clusters, sometimes proximal branches elongated, ascending and bearing short axillary and terminal racemiform clusters. |
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Cypselae | (obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose; pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate). |
(narrowly obconic) 1.5–2.5 mm, smooth or with 5–8 narrow, darker, sunken striations, glabrous or sparsely strigose; pappi 2.5–3.5 mm (sometimes strongly clavate). |
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2n | =18. |
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Solidago sempervirens |
Solidago bicolor |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Sandy and clay soils, dry open woods, rocky slopes, disturbed soils | |||||
Elevation | 0–1000+ m (0–3300+ ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Mexico; Central America; West Indies [Introduced inland around Great Lakes, introduced to Atlantic Islands (Azores)]
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AL; AR; CT; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 136. | FNA vol. 20, p. 120. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Maritimae | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Squarrosae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Aster sempervirens | Aster bicolor, Aster pubens, S. alba, S. curtisii var. pubens, S. pubens | ||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 878. (1753) | Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 556. (1767): Mant. 1: 114. (1767) | ||||
Web links |