The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte

Atlantic goldenrod, cut-leaf or sharp-leaf or Atlantic goldenrod, forest goldenrod

Habit Plants 40–200 cm; caudices short, stout. Plants 50–120 cm; caudices branching.
Stems

1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays.

1 usually, erect, round, proximally glabrous, strigose in arrays.

Leaves

rosettes present at flowering;

basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous;

mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire.

basal and proximal cauline tapering abruptly to winged, thin petioles, blades broadly ovate, 100–300 × 30–100 mm, margins sharply serrate, apices acute to acuminate, adaxial faces glabrous or slightly scabrous, or sometimes strigose or strigillose;

mid to distal cauline sessile, lanceolate, 50–72 × 10–14 mm, reduced distally, becoming entire.

Peduncles

2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy.

1.5–3 mm, glabrous or moderately short hispido-strigose, bracteoles 1–5, lanceolate-oblong, often grading into phyllaries.

Involucres

3–7 mm.

2.5–4.5(–5) mm.

Ray florets

8–17;

laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm.

2–8;

laminae 4–4.5 × 0.4–0.6 mm.

Disc florets

10–22;

corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm.

8–20;

corollas 3.5–4 mm, lobes 0.6–1.5 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute.

in 3–4 series, unequal;

outer ovate, acute, inner linear-oblong, ciliate, obtuse.

Heads

20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally.

25–250, secund, in open, leafy, paniculiform arrays with recurved branches (sometimes elongate), branches and peduncles hairy.

Cypselae

(obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose;

pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate).

1.5–2 mm, distinctly ridged, glabrous or strigose distally;

pappi 3–3.5 mm.

Solidago sempervirens

Solidago arguta

Distribution
from FNA
AL; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Mexico; Central America; West Indies [Introduced inland around Great Lakes, introduced to Atlantic Islands (Azores)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Solidago arguta is reputedly in Ohio but its presence there is unconfirmed. The species includes a number of regional and ecotypal races investigated by G. H. Morton (1973, 1975). A. Cronquist (1980) is followed here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Involucres 4–7 mm, rays 12–17, disc florets ca. 17–22; Newfoundland to New Jersey, locally to Virginia
subsp. sempervirens
1. Involucres 3–4 mm, rays 7–11, disc florets ca. 10–16; Massachusetts to Texas and southward
subsp. mexicana
1. Cypselae glabrous; s Maine to Virginia, w to Kentucky, Tennessee, and s Missouri
var. arguta
1. Cypselae strigillose (at least distally); Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia, south
→ 2
2. Leaves relatively firm, the basal usually proximally ± truncate; (shale barrens) e Kentucky, w Maryland, w Pennsylvnia, w Virginia, e WestVirginia
var. harrisii
2. Leaves less firm, the basal tapering; Virginia to n Florida, w to Kentucky, occasional in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Missouri
→ 3
3. Leaves glabrous; Virginia to n Florida, w to West Virginia, Kentucky and occasionally to s Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana
var. caroliniana
3. Leaves (especially the proximal) strigose or strigillose; (drier places) Alabama to South Carolina, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, s Missouri, Tennessee
var. boottii
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 136. FNA vol. 20, p. 131.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Maritimae Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Argutae > ser. Argutae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. sempervirens subsp. mexicana, S. sempervirens subsp. sempervirens
S. arguta var. arguta, S. arguta var. boottii, S. arguta var. caroliniana, S. arguta var. harrisii
Synonyms Aster sempervirens Aster argutus
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 878. (1753) Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 213. (1789)
Web links