Solidago sempervirens |
Solidago altiplanities |
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seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte |
high-plains goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 40–200 cm; caudices short, stout. | Plants 30–100 cm; caudices woody, rhizomes elongate, branching, woody, forming new centers of growth. | ||||
Stems | 1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays. |
1–20, erect, finely scabroso-puberulent, sparsely so with age proximally, densely so distally. |
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Leaves | rosettes present at flowering; basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous; mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire. |
basal and proximal cauline withering by flowering, subsessile, gradually tapering to short-winged petiole-like bases; mid and distal cauline sessile, blades linear-elliptic to linear-lanceolate, 40–90 × 4–5 mm, 3-nerved from base, midnerves prominent, margins entire, finely scabrous, apices attenuate-acute, faces finely, sparsely to moderately strigose, more so on main nerves, finer nerves translucent, faces sometimes shiny. |
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Peduncles | 2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
2–6 mm, finely strigose; bracteoles 1–10, often crowded, linear-lanceolate, 2–3 mm, grading into phyllaries. |
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Involucres | 3–7 mm. |
narrowly campanulate, 3.5–4 mm. |
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Ray florets | 8–17; laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm. |
4–5; laminae 1.5–2.5 × 0.5 mm. |
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Disc florets | 10–22; corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm. |
6–8, 3–3.5 mm, lobes 0.5 mm. |
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Phyllaries | in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute. |
in 3–4 series, linear-lanceolate, strongly unequal, margins hyaline, distally subulate-ciliate, apices acute, glabrous. |
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Heads | 20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally. |
25–350, in short to elongate, secund paniculiform arrays, branches ascending or ascending and distally recurved, sometimes second, sometimes elongate. |
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Cypselae | (obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose; pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate). |
(narrowly obconic) 1.5–2.5 mm, sparsely strigillose; pappi 3 mm. |
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2n | = 18. |
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Solidago sempervirens |
Solidago altiplanities |
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Phenology | Flowering Sep–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Mixed gypsum and shale soils, rocky slopes, escarpments, and ridges in high plains | |||||
Elevation | 400–1200 m (1300–3900 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Mexico; Central America; West Indies [Introduced inland around Great Lakes, introduced to Atlantic Islands (Azores)]
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OK; TX |
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 136. | FNA vol. 20, p. 154. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Maritimae | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Aster sempervirens | |||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 878. (1753) | C. E. S. Taylor & R. J. Taylor: Sida 10: 178, figs 2, 3. (1983) | ||||
Web links |