Flora of North America species comparison

relatively thick and firm, strongly rugose-nerved, usually blunt-toothed to subentire, apices often acute, relatively short and stiff hairy.

basal (rosettes) usually withering by flowering;

petiole bases or vasculature not persisting on rhizomes;

proximalmost cauline petiolate, sometimes present at flowering;

proximal and distal sometimes 3-nerved.

5–8(–10)

1-nerved, usually not striate (3–5-nerved and striate in S. glomerata, S. lancifolia, S. roanensis) sometimes minutely stipitate-glandular, sometimes resinous.

in ± paniculiform or thyrsiform arrays (wand-, club-, or secund cone-shaped) or in axillary clusters, sometimes in rounded corymbiform arrays.

bristles in 2–3 series (shorter, outer setiform scales rarely present, outer, longer bristles apically attenuate, inner bristles longest, weakly to strongly clavate).