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stiff-leaf goldenrod

pineywoods goldenrod, Small's goldenrod

Habit Plants 30–150 cm; caudices branching, woody. Plants 40–110 cm; caudices branched, woody, new rosettes arising at bases of old stems or at ends of 0.5–5 cm rhizomes.
Stems

1–10+, erect, stout, hairy.

1–5+, ascending to erect, slender, glabrous;

distal axils bearing short lateral branches with several spreading leaves.

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline usually present at flowering, abruptly narrowed to long petioles, blades ovate to rhombic, 80–200 × 24–50 mm, firm, flat, margins entire to crenate, sometimes undulate, apices obtuse to acute, faces densely hairy;

mid to distal cauline sessile, blades ovate, 30–50 × 15–17 mm, stiff, greatly reduced distally, margins entire or finely serrate, sometimes undulate, apices acute to obtuse.

basal blades mostly linear-oblanceolate, 40–160 × 10–20 mm, smallest (10 mm) nearly spatulate, margins shallowly serrate or subentire, sometimes ciliate, ± strongly 3-nerved, apices obtuse to mostly acute, faces glabrous;

mid and distal cauline spreading to reflexed, blades linear, 15–60 × 1–4 mm, reduced to linear bracts in arrays, glabrous.

Peduncles

3–15 mm, strigillose-canescent, bracteoles 1–3, linear-lanceolate.

1–5 mm, bracts 0–5, linear-lanceolate, 1–3 mm, distal grading into phyllaries.

Involucres

campanulate, 6–8 mm.

narrowly campanulate, 3–4 mm.

Ray florets

6–13;

laminae 1.4–5.4 × 1.2–1.9 mm.

3–7;

laminae 2–3 × ca. 0.5 mm.

Disc florets

14–35;

corollas 4.3–6.1 mm, lobes 0.6–1.1 mm.

5–9;

corollas 3–3.5 mm, lobes 0.5–0.8 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3–4 series, unequal, oblong, conspicuously striate (3–5 pronounced nerves), obtuse.

in 2–3 series, strongly unequal, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse to rounded, glabrous.

Heads

9–190, in corymbiform arrays, compact or branches long and spreading, densely hairy throughout.

50–350, secund, in paniculiform arrays, openly secund-pyramidal with proximal branches spreading recurved, or as broad as long with proximal branches widely ascending, recurved (elm-tree shaped).

Cypselae

(obconic) 0.8–1.7 mm (ribbed), glabrous or strigillose apically;

pappi 3–4 mm.

(obconic) 1 mm (with several prominent ridges), glabrous or slightly hairy distally;

pappi 2–3 mm.

2n

= 18.

Solidago rigida

Solidago pinetorum

Phenology Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Open places and dry woods, especially in sandy soil, rocky sand bars
Elevation 0–400(–700) m (0–1300(–2300) ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; WY; AB; MB; ON; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
NC; SC; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora).

Solidago rigida is divided into three subspecies with distinct morphologies and partially overlapping ranges. Intermediates occur between the subspecies in areas of sympatry.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Solidago pinetorum is found in the Piedmont and the Atlantic coastal plain.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Outer phyllaries glabrous; leaves and stems glabrous or ± hispid
subsp. glabrata
1. Outer phyllaries strigillose; leaves and stems moderately to densely hispid or strigose
→ 2
2. Inner phyllaries glabrate to sparsely strigillose, oblong and rounded; plants robust (60–150 cm); arrays loose, open; leaves and stems coarsely hispid (fewer than 50 hairs/mm 2)
subsp. rigida
2. Inner phyllaries conspicuously strigillose, often linear; plants usually short (30–70 cm), sometimes taller; arrays compact; leaves and stems finely and densely hispido-strigose (more than 50 hairs/mm 2)
subsp. humilis
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 163. FNA vol. 20, p. 141.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Ptarmicoidei Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Junceae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. rigida subsp. glabrata, S. rigida subsp. humilis, S. rigida subsp. rigida
Synonyms Aster rigidus, Oligoneuron rigidum
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 880. (1753) Small: Fl. S.E. U.S., 1200, 1339. (1903)
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