Solidago rigida |
Solidago drummondii |
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stiff-leaf goldenrod |
Drummond's goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 30–150 cm; caudices branching, woody. | Plants 30–100 cm; caudices stout, branched, rhizomes thick. | ||||||||
Stems | 1–10+, erect, stout, hairy. |
usually 1, ascending to erect, uniformly short villoso-strigose, occasionally glabrate proximally. |
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Leaves | basal and proximal cauline usually present at flowering, abruptly narrowed to long petioles, blades ovate to rhombic, 80–200 × 24–50 mm, firm, flat, margins entire to crenate, sometimes undulate, apices obtuse to acute, faces densely hairy; mid to distal cauline sessile, blades ovate, 30–50 × 15–17 mm, stiff, greatly reduced distally, margins entire or finely serrate, sometimes undulate, apices acute to obtuse. |
basal and proximal cauline short-petiolate, blades broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate, margins serrate, ± 3-nerved and pinnately nerved, abaxial faces (at least) evenly short villoso-strigose; mid and distal cauline like proximal, 20–70 × 10–40 mm (1.3–2 times as long as wide), usually only those near arrays reduced and 1-nerved. |
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Peduncles | 3–15 mm, strigillose-canescent, bracteoles 1–3, linear-lanceolate. |
1–6 mm; bracteoles ovate, minute, grading into phyllaries. |
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Involucres | campanulate, 6–8 mm. |
campanulate, 3–4.5 mm. |
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Ray florets | 6–13; laminae 1.4–5.4 × 1.2–1.9 mm. |
3–7; laminae 1.5–2 × 0.5–1 mm. |
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Disc florets | 14–35; corollas 4.3–6.1 mm, lobes 0.6–1.1 mm. |
4–7; corollas (abruptly ampliate) 3–3.5 mm, lobes ca. 1 mm. |
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Phyllaries | in 3–4 series, unequal, oblong, conspicuously striate (3–5 pronounced nerves), obtuse. |
in 3 series, strongly unequal, obtuse or rounded; mid broadly oblong, inner narrowly so. |
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Heads | 9–190, in corymbiform arrays, compact or branches long and spreading, densely hairy throughout. |
30–200+, apparently sometimes drooping, in open leafy, secund pyramidal, paniculiform arrays, branches recurved, leafy-bracteate, secund, proximalmost branch sometimes separated by several nodes from next. |
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Cypselae | (obconic) 0.8–1.7 mm (ribbed), glabrous or strigillose apically; pappi 3–4 mm. |
1.5–2 mm (4–8 translucent ribs), moderately short-strigose; pappi 2–2.5 mm. |
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2n | = 18. |
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Solidago rigida |
Solidago drummondii |
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Phenology | Flowering late Jul–Oct. | |||||||||
Habitat | Crevices of limestone ledges and bluffs, rocky woods, especially in calcareous soil | |||||||||
Elevation | 100–300+ m (300–1000+ ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CO; CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; WY; AB; MB; ON; SK
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AR; IL; MO
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Discussion | Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora). Solidago rigida is divided into three subspecies with distinct morphologies and partially overlapping ranges. Intermediates occur between the subspecies in areas of sympatry. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
A. Cronquist (1980) listed Solidago drummondii as reputedly in Louisiana; K. N. Gandhi and R. D. Thomas (1989) did not see any specimen from that state. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 163. | FNA vol. 20, p. 149. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Ptarmicoidei | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Venosae > ser. Drummondiani | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Aster rigidus, Oligoneuron rigidum | Aster torreyi | ||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 880. (1753) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 217. (1842) | ||||||||
Web links |