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stiff-leaf goldenrod

clasping goldenrod, eared goldenrod, eared or clasping (-leaf) goldenrod

Habit Plants 30–150 cm; caudices branching, woody. Plants 40–150 cm; rhizomes short, stout or caudices.
Stems

1–10+, erect, stout, hairy.

1(–3), ascending to erect, velutinous or loosely hirsutulous.

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline usually present at flowering, abruptly narrowed to long petioles, blades ovate to rhombic, 80–200 × 24–50 mm, firm, flat, margins entire to crenate, sometimes undulate, apices obtuse to acute, faces densely hairy;

mid to distal cauline sessile, blades ovate, 30–50 × 15–17 mm, stiff, greatly reduced distally, margins entire or finely serrate, sometimes undulate, apices acute to obtuse.

basal and proximal cauline petioles winged (narrowly so in proximalmost), to 10 cm, bases flared, auriculate-clasping (at least in proximalmost), blades broadly ovate, 35–120 × 30–70 mm, bases cordate, margins serrate, adaxial faces glabrate or sparsely finely scabrous or finely strigose, abaxial pilose on nerves;

mid cauline similar to proximal, petioles shorter, broadly winged, strongly auriculate-clasping;

distal sessile, blades ovate, 20–40 × 10–20 mm, bases winged, narrowed, auriculate-clasping, becoming ovate and cordate-clasping in arrays, reduced to 10 mm.

Peduncles

3–15 mm, strigillose-canescent, bracteoles 1–3, linear-lanceolate.

1–3 mm;

bracteoles linear-lanceolate, minute, grading into phyllaries.

Involucres

campanulate, 6–8 mm.

campanulate, 3–4(–5) mm.

Ray florets

6–13;

laminae 1.4–5.4 × 1.2–1.9 mm.

1–3;

laminae 1–2 × 0.5–0.75 mm.

Disc florets

14–35;

corollas 4.3–6.1 mm, lobes 0.6–1.1 mm.

4–8;

corollas 3–3.5 mm, lobes ca. 1 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3–4 series, unequal, oblong, conspicuously striate (3–5 pronounced nerves), obtuse.

in 2–3 series, lanceolate, strongly unequal, acute to attenuate, sparsely short strigose.

Heads

9–190, in corymbiform arrays, compact or branches long and spreading, densely hairy throughout.

50–100, secund, in paniculiform arrays, branches relatively few, short to elongated and arching.

Cypselae

(obconic) 0.8–1.7 mm (ribbed), glabrous or strigillose apically;

pappi 3–4 mm.

2–2.5 mm, distinctly ribbed, short-strigose;

pappi ca. 2 mm (bristles in 2 weak series, shorter than cypsela bodies, inner weakly clavate).

2n

= 18.

Solidago rigida

Solidago auriculata

Phenology Flowering Aug–Sep(–Oct).
Habitat Rocky wooded slopes, alluvial soils near streams, in woods
Elevation 30–300 m (100–1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; WY; AB; MB; ON; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; SC; TN; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora).

Solidago rigida is divided into three subspecies with distinct morphologies and partially overlapping ranges. Intermediates occur between the subspecies in areas of sympatry.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Solidago auriculata was not listed for Oklahoma (C. E. Taylor and R. J. Taylor 1984).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Outer phyllaries glabrous; leaves and stems glabrous or ± hispid
subsp. glabrata
1. Outer phyllaries strigillose; leaves and stems moderately to densely hispid or strigose
→ 2
2. Inner phyllaries glabrate to sparsely strigillose, oblong and rounded; plants robust (60–150 cm); arrays loose, open; leaves and stems coarsely hispid (fewer than 50 hairs/mm 2)
subsp. rigida
2. Inner phyllaries conspicuously strigillose, often linear; plants usually short (30–70 cm), sometimes taller; arrays compact; leaves and stems finely and densely hispido-strigose (more than 50 hairs/mm 2)
subsp. humilis
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 163. FNA vol. 20, p. 135.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Ptarmicoidei Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Argutae > ser. Auriculatae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. rigida subsp. glabrata, S. rigida subsp. humilis, S. rigida subsp. rigida
Synonyms Aster rigidus, Oligoneuron rigidum S. amplexicaulis, S. notabilis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 880. (1753) Shuttleworth ex S. F. Blake: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 326. (1931)
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