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Riddell's goldenrod

Canada goldenrod, dyersweed goldenrod, field goldenrod, gray goldenrod, gray or gray-stem or old-field goldenrod, verge d'or des bois

Habit Plants 40–100 cm; caudices branching; vascular bundles and petiole bases marcescent (attached to old stems for more than a season). Plants 20–100 cm; caudices short-branched.
Stems

1–10+, erect, glabrous.

1–6(–10), erect, short-canescent (hairs ascending to appressed).

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline usually withering by flowering (other rosettes may be present), tapering to long, winged petioles, blades often recurved, linear- lanceolate or -oblanceolate, 100–240 × 8–16 mm, folded along midrib (V-shaped in cross section), bases usually with (2–)3–8 prominent lateral nerves, apices acute to obtuse, faces glabrous;

mid to distal cauline sessile, blades recurved, linear-lanceolate, 50–70 × 8–11 mm, reduced distally, folded, bases with prominent lateral nerves.

basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles, blades spatulate-ovate to oblanceolate, 20–95 × 7–15 mm, margins crenate to entire, apices acute, faces densely puberulent;

mid and distal cauline (sometimes subtending axillary tufts of lateral branch leaves) sessile, blades linear-oblanceolate, 16–45 × 3–7 mm, reduced distally, margins entire.

Peduncles

2.8–4 mm, moderately short-hispido-strigose, lanceolate bracteoles 0–1.

2–3.5 mm, bracteoles 0–4, linear.

Involucres

narrowly campanulate, 4.5–6 mm.

narrowly campanulate, 2.6–5.8 mm.

Ray florets

7–9;

laminae 4.5–5.5 × 0.4–0.5 mm.

5–11;

laminae 2.8–5.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm.

Disc florets

6–10;

corollas 4.5–5.2 mm, lobes 0.7–1.8 mm.

3–10; 2.5–4.6 mm, lobes 0.4-0.6 mm.

Phyllaries

(14–18) in 3–4 series, unequal, obtuse, broad, striations weak, obtuse to rounded, glabrous.

in 3 series, ovate to linear-lanceolate, unequal, outer acute, inner obtuse.

Heads

30–450 in corymbiform to somewhat paniculiform with rounded corymbiform branches (robust plants) arrays, branches and peduncles strigillose.

10–300, secund, in wandlike pyramidal, paniculiform arrays, secund to apically recurved, 8–25 × 2.5–10 cm, sometimes proximal branches elongate, repeating pattern.

Cypselae

1.5–2.2 mm, glabrous;

pappi 3.5–4 mm (apically clavate).

(obconic) 0.5–2 mm, strigose;

pappi 2–4 mm.

2n

= 18.

Solidago riddellii

Solidago nemoralis

Phenology Flowering Sep–Oct.
Habitat Wet prairielike sites and marshy ground
Elevation 100–400 m (300–1300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
IL; IN; MI; MN; MO; OH; WI; MB; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VT; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

The arrays can be elongate with ends bent nearly 90–180°.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Pappus bristles usually not or barely exceeding ray floret corolla tubes and bases of disc floret lobes; disc corolla lobes 0.5–0.9(–1) mm; involucres usually 2.6–4.2 mm (tetraploids have larger heads); cypselae usually only sparsely strigose; basal leaves usually crenate, oblanceolate to obovate; open areas and open woods in eastern deciduous forest
subsp. nemoralis
1. Pappus bristles usually exceeding ray floret corolla tubes and bases of disc corolla lobes; disc corolla lobes (0.6–)0.8–1.5 mm; involucres usually 4.6–5.8 mm; cypselae moderately strigose; basal leaves usually not crenate, often linear-oblanceolate; prairies (rarely in forested areas) from Indiana westward to the Rocky Mountains, British Columbia to New Mexico
subsp. decemflora
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 165. FNA vol. 20, p. 159.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Ptarmicoidei Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Nemorales
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. nemoralis subsp. decemflora, S. nemoralis subsp. nemoralis
Synonyms Aster riddellii, Oligoneuron riddellii, S. amplexicaulis
Name authority Frank: W. J. Med. Phys. Sci. 8: 499. (1835) Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 213. (1789)
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