Solidago radula
Solidago sempervirens
rough goldenrod, western rough goldenrod
seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte
usually 1–3, ascending to erect, scabrous to loosely puberulent.
1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays.
basal and proximal usually withering by flowering, tapering to long-winged petioles, blades oblanceolate, 30–100 × 7–20(–30) mm, margins serrate or crenate, mid usually largest, apices acute to obtuse, acuminate, faces scabrous;
mid and distal cauline subsessile (1 mm) or sessile, blades (sometimes ± shiny) elliptic to oblanceolate, 10–50 × 5–15(–25) mm, greatly reduced distally, grading into bracts, firm, bases convex-cuneate to rounded, margins finely serrate, often 3-nerved, nerves usually distinct abaxially, faces distinctly scabrous.
rosettes present at flowering;
basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous;
mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire.
0.5–2 mm;
bracteoles 1–5, linear-lanceolate to ovate, minute, grading into phyllaries distally.
2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy.
narrowly campanulate, 3–5 mm.
3–7 mm.
4–7;
laminae 2–3.5 × 0.2–0.7 mm.
8–17;
laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm.
4–6;
corollas 3 mm, lobes 1 mm.
10–22;
corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm.
in 3–4 series, unequal, oblong, midnerves swollen distally, obtuse or acute to slightly acuminate.
in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute.
20–260, in paniculiform arrays, narrowly to broadly secund, pyramidal, branches recurved, secund.
20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally.
1.5–2.5 mm, sparsely to moderately short-strigose;
pappi 3 mm.
(obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose;
pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate).
= 18, 36.
Solidago radula
Solidago sempervirens
Solidago radula is disjunct in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. J. R. Beaudry (1969) reported a diploid from Smithville, Dekalb County, Tennessee; that has not been confirmed.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).
Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Involucres 4–7 mm, rays 12–17, disc florets ca. 17–22; Newfoundland to New Jersey, locally to Virginia | subsp. sempervirens |
1. Involucres 3–4 mm, rays 7–11, disc florets ca. 10–16; Massachusetts to Texas and southward | subsp. mexicana |
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