Solidago ptarmicoides |
Solidago speciosa |
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prairie goldenrod, upland white aster, verge-d'or faux-ptarmica, white flat-top goldenrod |
noble goldenrod, showy goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 10–40 cm; caudices branching; vascular bundles and petiole bases marcescent (attached to old stems for more than a season). | Plants (30–)50–200 cm; caudices stout, woody. | ||||||||
Stems | 1–20+, erect, slender, glabrous proximally, hispid distally. |
1(–5), erect, glabrous proximally to strigillose in arrays. |
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Leaves | basal and proximal cauline persistent, subpetiolate to sessile, blades sometimes 3-nerved, linear to linear-lanceolate, 60–100 × 7–10 mm, stiff, flat, margins entire or subentire, faces glabrous or sparsely hairy; mid to distal cauline sessile, blades linear oblanceolate to linear, 20–40 × 3–5 mm, reduced distally, margins entire. |
basal and proximal cauline (sometimes withering by flowering) tapering to winged petioles, blades lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, 50–300 (including petiole) × 12–80 mm (sometimes firm), margins sharply serrate to crenate or entire, faces glabrate to sparsely strigillose; mid to distal cauline sessile, blades narrowly ovate to lanceolate or elliptic, 25–90 × 5–30 mm, gradually reduced distally, margins serrulate to entire (distally), ciliate, faces glabrous or sparsely scabroso-strigose. |
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Peduncles | 29–36.5 mm, strigillose; bracteoles linear. |
1.5–3 mm, sparsely to moderately scabroso-strigillose; bracteoles linear, grading into phyllaries, scattered along peduncles, clustered near heads. |
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Involucres | 5–6 mm. |
narrowly campanulate, 4–6.5 mm. |
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Ray florets | 10–20, usually white, rarely pale yellow (conspicuous); laminae 7–7.3 × 1.4–1.6 mm. |
(2–)3–7(–9); laminae 3–4 × 0.5–1 mm. |
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Disc florets | 30–36; corollas 3.8–4.1 mm, lobes 0.5–0.7 mm. |
6–16; corollas 2.5–4 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm. |
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Phyllaries | in 4–5 series, usually prominently 1-nerved, linear, strongly unequal, outer acute, inner acute to obtuse, glabrous. |
in 3–4 series, appressed, strongly unequal, outer ovate, mid and inner lanceolate, (midnerves often raised and thick) apices acute to obtuse or rounded, glabrous. |
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Heads | 1–25(–50), in corymbiform arrays. |
15–300+, not secund, in usually dense, sometimes open, elongate, paniculiform to thyrsiform arrays, (5–)10–45 × (2–)3–7(–12) cm; branches strongly ascending, often racemiform. |
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Cypselae | (obconic) 1–1.5 mm (ribbed), glabrous; pappi 3.4–4 mm (apically clavate). |
(narrowly obconic) 1.6–2.5 mm, glabrous; pappi 3–4.5 mm. |
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2n | = 18. |
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Solidago ptarmicoides |
Solidago speciosa |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Oct. | |||||||||
Habitat | Dry, sandy, usually calcareous soils, cracks in rocks, limestone pavements, rocky outcrops, grassy slopes, prairies | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
CO; CT; IA; IL; IN; MI; MN; MO; MT; NH; NY; OH; OK; SC; SD; VT; WI; WY; MB; ON; QC; SK
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AL; AR; CO; CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; ON
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Discussion | L. Brouillet and J. C. Semple (1981) summarized the morphologic, chemical, cytological, and hybridization data on Solidago ptarmicoides and concluded that, except for the white rays, it is a typical member of sect. Ptarmicoidei. The species hybridizes with S. rigida, S. ohioensis, S. riddellii, and perhaps other goldenrods. It is not known to hybridize with any species of aster (regardless of genus); the supposed Aster × Solidago hybrids are the basis of all reports of intergeneric hybrids in the literature. Horticultural hybrids involving S. ptarmicoides and other Solidago species have been treated as S. ×luteus (M. L. Green ex Dress) Brouillet & Semple (×Solidaster luteus M. L. Green ex Dress). Solidago ×bernardii B. Boivin [Oligoneuron ×bernardii (B. Boivin) G. L. Nesom] is the formal name applied to S. ptarmicoides × S. riddellii hybrids; those have cream rays. Solidago ×lutescens (Lindley ex de Candolle) B. Boivin [Diplopappus lutescens Lindley ex de Candolle; D. albus var. lutescens (Lindley ex de Candolle) Hooker ex Torrey & A. Gray; Aster lutescens (Lindley ex de Candolle) Hooker ex Torrey & A. Gray; A. ptarmicoides var. lutescens (Lindley ex de Candolle) A. Gray; Oligoneuron ×lutescens (Lindley ex de Candolle) G. L. Nesom] applies to hybrids between S. ptarmicoides and S. rigida or S. riddellii from the prairies; these also have cream colored rays. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Solidago speciosa occurs scattered throughout its range, often in small populations. Five races have been acknowledged; only three varieties appear to warrant recognition. The species is divided into two nearly allopatric subspecies. The typical subspecies includes two varieties that are sometimes difficult to distinguish and considerably overlap in their ranges. The differences in size and number of leaves and persistence of the proximal cauline leaves may be caused in part by growing conditions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 164. | FNA vol. 20, p. 123. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Ptarmicoidei | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Squarrosae | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Aster ptarmicoides, Diplopappus albus, Diplopappus ptarmicoides, Doellingeria ptarmicoides, Eucephalus albus, Heleastrum album, Inula alba, Oligoneuron album, S. asteroides, Unamia alba, Unamia ptarmicoides | Aster speciosus | ||||||||
Name authority | (Torrey & A. Gray) B. Boivin: Phytologia 23: 21. (1972) | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 160. (1818) | ||||||||
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