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gray goldenrod

Canada goldenrod, dyersweed goldenrod, field goldenrod, gray goldenrod, gray or gray-stem or old-field goldenrod, verge d'or des bois

Habit Plants 20–100 cm; caudices short-branched.
Stems

1–6(–10), erect, short-canescent (hairs ascending to appressed).

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles, blades spatulate-ovate to oblanceolate, 20–95 × 7–15 mm, margins crenate to entire, apices acute, faces densely puberulent;

mid and distal cauline (sometimes subtending axillary tufts of lateral branch leaves) sessile, blades linear-oblanceolate, 16–45 × 3–7 mm, reduced distally, margins entire.

Basal leaves

oblanceolate to obovate, usually crenate.

Peduncles

2–3.5 mm, bracteoles 0–4, linear.

Involucres

usually 2.6–4.2+ mm (larger in tetraploids).

narrowly campanulate, 2.6–5.8 mm.

Ray florets

5–11;

laminae 2.8–5.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm.

Disc florets

3–10; 2.5–4.6 mm, lobes 0.4-0.6 mm.

Disc corolla

lobes 0.5–0.9(–1) mm.

Phyllaries

in 3 series, ovate to linear-lanceolate, unequal, outer acute, inner obtuse.

Heads

10–300, secund, in wandlike pyramidal, paniculiform arrays, secund to apically recurved, 8–25 × 2.5–10 cm, sometimes proximal branches elongate, repeating pattern.

Cypselae

usually only sparsely strigose;

pappi usually not or barely exceeding ray corolla tubes and bases of disc corolla lobes.

(obconic) 0.5–2 mm, strigose;

pappi 2–4 mm.

2n

= 18, 36.

Solidago nemoralis subsp. nemoralis

Solidago nemoralis

Phenology Flowering Aug–Oct(–Nov, s).
Habitat Open sandy, gravelly, and clay soils, disturbed sites, roadsides, prairies, fields
Elevation 0–1000+ m (0–3300+ ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; Man
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VT; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies nemoralis is found in the open, disturbed soils of fields, roadsides, and gravelly embankments in the eastern deciduous forest area. Plants of the southeastern United States with a few elongated proximal branches in the arrays have been treated as var. haleana; that trait occurs farther north on occasion and not all shoots of the same plant have it. It is treated here as a synonym of the typical subspecies. Diploids occur throughout the range; tetraploids are scattered.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

The arrays can be elongate with ends bent nearly 90–180°.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Pappus bristles usually not or barely exceeding ray floret corolla tubes and bases of disc floret lobes; disc corolla lobes 0.5–0.9(–1) mm; involucres usually 2.6–4.2 mm (tetraploids have larger heads); cypselae usually only sparsely strigose; basal leaves usually crenate, oblanceolate to obovate; open areas and open woods in eastern deciduous forest
subsp. nemoralis
1. Pappus bristles usually exceeding ray floret corolla tubes and bases of disc corolla lobes; disc corolla lobes (0.6–)0.8–1.5 mm; involucres usually 4.6–5.8 mm; cypselae moderately strigose; basal leaves usually not crenate, often linear-oblanceolate; prairies (rarely in forested areas) from Indiana westward to the Rocky Mountains, British Columbia to New Mexico
subsp. decemflora
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 159. FNA vol. 20, p. 159.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Nemorales > Solidago nemoralis Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Nemorales
Sibling taxa
S. nemoralis subsp. decemflora
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. nemoralis subsp. decemflora, S. nemoralis subsp. nemoralis
Synonyms S. nemoralis var. arenicola, S. nemoralis var. elongata, S. nemoralis var. haleana
Name authority unknown Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 213. (1789)
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