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Canada goldenrod, Rocky Mountain goldenrod, verge d'or élégante, western Canada goldenrod, western goldenrod

Wright's goldenrod

Habit Plants 25–150 cm; rhizomes short to long creeping, forming few- to many-stemmed clones. Plants 20–110 cm; caudices branched, thick, and woody or rhizomes short, woody.
Stems

1–25 (–50+), erect, proximally glabrous or sparsely to moderately canescent-villous, distally densely so.

1–30+, simple, sparsely to densely puberulent proximally to densely so in arrays.

Leaves

basal 0;

proximal cauline sessile, blades narrowly to broadly oblanceolate, 100–150 × 15–23 mm, tapering to bases, margins subentire to coarsely sharply serrate, 3-nerved, sometimes obscurely so, apices acute to acuminate, abaxial faces glabrate to sparsely short villous, adaxial glabrous;

mid to distal cauline sessile, blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, (50–)90–120(–150) × (7–) 11–23(–35) mm, largest near mid stem, then somewhat reduced distally in arrays, margins sharply and coarsely to finely serrate or entire, usually becoming less serrate near arrays, faces glabrous or sparsely strigoso-villous, more so along abaxial nerves, distalmost (below arrays) sometimes sparsely to moderately minutely stipitate-glandular.

basal and proximal winged-petiolate-subpetiolate (poorly differentiated), blades to winged petioles;

blades oblanceolate, largest to 8 cm, usually smaller, gradually attenuate, margins entire, slightly undulate, sparsely to moderately soft-puberulent, somewhat viscid (stipitate-glands very small); mostly withering by flowering, new rosettes sometimes present;

cauline petiolate (petioles 0.5–1 mm), blades (linear) elliptic proximally to (narrowly) lanceolate or ovate distally, largest 50–80 × 15–25 mm, reduced distally and becoming more ovate, 15–20 mm in arrays, margins entire or serrulate.

Peduncles

1–4 mm, villoso-hirtellous, sometimes minutely stipitate-glandular;

bracteoles 0–2, linear-lanceolate, sometimes minutely stipitate-glandular.

0.5–5(–2.5) mm, densely short hispid-canescent, sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular, ± viscid;

bracts small, grading into phyllaries.

Involucres

campanulate, (2–)2.3–3.8(–5) mm.

broadly campanulate, (3.5–)4–5(–5.5) mm.

Ray florets

(7–)10–16(–22);

laminae (0.5–)0.9–1.6(–2.2) × ca. 0.2–0.5 mm.

6–10;

laminae ca. 3–5 × 1–2 mm.

Disc florets

(2–)5–9(–13);

corollas ca. (2–) 2.5–3.8(–5) mm, lobes (0.4–)0.6–1(–1.4) mm.

10–20;

corollas 3–4 mm, lobes ca. 1 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3–4 series, deltate-lanceolate, unequal (outer 1/4–1/2 length of inner), margins sparsely villoso-ciliate, sometimes minutely stipitate-glandular apically or basally, apices acute to attenuate, glabrous or sparsely to moderately, minutely stipitate-glandular apically, sometimes over much of faces.

in 2–3 series, unequal, oblong to linear-lanceolate, acute to attenuate, sparsely to moderately strigose, especially distally, sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular, ± viscid.

Heads

14–800+, in sometimes secund, broadly thyrsiform or secund pyramidal arrays, usually leafy proximally, branches ascending or sometimes arching-spreading, leaves often minutely stipitate-glandular.

1–140, not secund, in thyrsiform-paniculiform arrays, sometimes compact, nearly as wide as tall, and rounded, sometimes appearing almost rounded corymbiform, proximal branches sometimes much elongate, not secund, spreading to ascending.

Cypselae

(narrowly obconic) 0.6–1.2 mm, strigillose;

pappi 2.5–3.3 mm.

1.5–2.5 mm, ± moderately short-strigose;

pappi 3–4 mm.

2n

= 18.

Solidago lepida

Solidago wrightii

Phenology Flowering Aug–Oct.
Habitat Open oak-pine woods and rocky open slopes, disturbed ground
Elevation 1000–2700 m (3300–8900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CO; NM; OK; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora, Coahuila)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Solidago lepida is the only member of subsect. Triplinerviae that is nearly always minutely, sometimes sparsely, stipitate-glandular in the arrays. These glands can be very small and visible only with 30–70× magnification. The enlarged head of the stalked gland may be little bigger than a pollen grain. The species occurs in the west from the Aleutian Islands and central Alaska south just into northern California, and in the Rocky Mountains to Arizona and New Mexico. Its range extends across Canada to Newfoundland, the Gaspé (Quebec), and northern New Brunswick. It also appears to be introduced at scattered locations across the Canadian prairies.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

In Texas, Solidago wrightii grows primarily in the trans-Pecos region. It is one of the few usually obviously stipitate-glandular, viscid goldenrods; the stipitate glands are minute when present on other species. Two varieties have been recognized on degree of glandularity; these grade into each other to such a degree that their recognition does not appear warranted. The few plants seen from northeastern New Mexico and westernmost Oklahoma are possible variants of S. petiolaris, but overall they fit better in S. wrightii. A detailed morphometric study of this and the next two species is needed to resolve ambiguous species limits on the western Great Plains.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Distal cauline leaves usually with 6–8 teeth per side; phyllaries very sparsely, minutely stipitate-glandular along proximal margins; e Canada (Solidago lepida subsp. fallax)
subsp. fallax
1. Distal cauline leaves usually with 0–6 teeth per side (plants of w mountains in United States sometimes more serrate); phyllaries, peduncles, peduncle bracts and/or distalmost cauline leaves sparsely to moderately, minutely stipitate-glandular; mountains, Alaska to Arizona and New Mexico, and across Canada, scattered eastward to the Gaspé, Quebec (S. lepida subsp. lepida)
→ 2
2. Heads in thyrsiform arrays, proximal branches ascending; much of range
var. lepida
2. Heads in pyramidal paniculiform arrays, proximal branches arching to recurved; Rocky Mountains and Cascade Mountains, Alberta and British Columbia to California, Arizona, New Mexico
var. salebrosa
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 155. FNA vol. 20, p. 117.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Thyrsiflorae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa
Subordinate taxa
S. lepida subsp. fallax, S. lepida var. lepida, S. lepida var. salebrosa
Synonyms Aster lepidus, S. canadensis var. lepida Aster brittonii, S. bigelovii, S. bigelovii var. wrightii, S. wrightii var. adenophora
Name authority de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 339. (1836) A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 16: 80. (1881)
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