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Leavenworth's goldenrod

spring-flowering goldenrod

Habit Plants (50–)100–200 cm (solitary or clustered); rhizomes creeping, elongate. Plants 50–120 cm; caudices branching, woody.
Stems

1–10+, erect, scabroso-puberulent proximal to arrays distally, in strips proximal to leaves.

1, ascending-erect, softly short villous.

Leaves

basal 0;

mid and distal cauline sometimes numerous (75+), somewhat crowded, sessile, blades (dark green) linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 25–150 × 2–15 mm, margins serrate to entire, scabroso-ciliate, 3-nerved, faces glabrous or with short hairs in lines along nerves.

basal and proximal cauline winged-petiolate petioles (petioles 1/2+ leaf length), blades broadly ovate (or subcordate) to elliptic, 50–100(–160) × 30–40 mm, margins shallowly serrate-crenate, apices acute to obtuse, soft short-villous;

mid and distal cauline subpetiolate or sessile, blades ovate to elliptic, 20–40 × 5–15 mm, greatly reduced, becoming narrowly elliptic.

Peduncles

1–5 mm, sparsely to moderately strigillose;

bracteoles 1–3, linear-lanceolate.

slender.

Involucres

narrowly campanulate, 3–5 mm.

campanulate, 4–5 mm.

Ray florets

10–15;

laminae 2–3 × 0.1–0.6 mm.

usually 7–12;

laminae 3–6 × 1.5–2 mm.

Disc florets

6–10;

corollas 3–4 mm, lobes 0.6–1.1 mm.

usually 14–27;

corolla tubes 4 mm, lobes 0.8–1 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3–4 series, strongly unequal (greenish), outer lanceolate, inner oblong-lanceolate, margins ciliate-fimbriate apically, midnerves swollen apically, apices obtuse to rounded, glabrous.

in 3–4 series, broadly lanceolate, unequal, glabrate or sparsely short-strigose.

Heads

50–350, in secund, usually elongate, pyramidal paniculiform arrays, branches recurved and secund.

50–100, in paniculiform arrays, proximal branches obscurely to evidently recurved-secund.

Cypselae

(narrowly obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm (ribbed), sparsely strigillose;

pappi 2.5–3 mm.

1.5–2.5, sparsely strigose;

pappi ± 3 mm (shorter than corollas).

2n

= 18, 36, 54.

= 18.

Solidago leavenworthii

Solidago verna

Phenology Flowering Nov–Dec. Flowering May–Jun.
Habitat Wet soils, thickets, edges of bogs, coastal plain Open woods, fields, dry bogs, roadsides of coastal plain
Elevation 10–40 m (0–100 ft) 10–70 m (0–200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; NC; SC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
NC; SC
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Solidago leavenworthii replaces S. gigantea on the southern, outer Atlantic coastal plain and into Florida. The leaves of S. leavenworthii usually have fewer, smaller serrations than those of S. gigantea, and they have a distinctive dark, somewhat olive green color. The pyramidal array of S. leavenworthii is usually much narrower and elongate while that of S. gigantea is usually broad and not elongate.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Solidago verna is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 20, p. 157. FNA vol. 20, p. 133.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Argutae > ser. Argutae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Synonyms Aster leavenworthii Aster vernus
Name authority Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 223. (1842) M. A. Curtis ex Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 205. (1842)
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