Solidago hispida |
Solidago velutina |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
hairy goldenrod, verge d'or hispide |
California goldenrod, three-nerve goldenrod, velvety goldenrod |
|||||
Habit | Plants 20–100 cm; caudices branching. | Plants (forming diffuse clones) 15–80 (–150) cm; rhizomes creeping, slender. | ||||
Stems | 1(–5), erect, simple, glabrous or moderately to densely hispido-villous, sometimes hairs appressed. |
1 (at ends of rhizomes), ascending to erect, glabrate proximally to sparsely to densely strigoso-puberulent distally. |
||||
Leaves | basal and proximal cauline tapering to winged petioles, blades broadly oblanceolate to obovate or elliptic, 35–200 (including petioles) × 15–60 mm, margins serrate or crenate, apices acute, faces sparsely to densely hispido-villous, rarely glabrous; mid and distal cauline sessile, blades elliptic, 15–30 × 5–7 mm, rapidly reduced distally, margins entire. |
basal and proximal cauline often persisting to flowering, gradually tapering to winged petioles, blades linear oblanceolate to oblanceolate, rarely spatulate, 50–120 × 8–30 mm, proximalmost much smaller, margins entire to sharply serrate, faces glabrate to moderately scabroso-strigose; mid and distal cauline sessile or subsessille, blades elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, 10–50 × 3–12 mm, mid tapering to bases, somewhat to strongly 3-nerved, largest, usually much reduced distally, margins entire or sometimes distally serrate, apices acute, faces sparsely to densely strigoso-puberulent, sometimes softly so. |
||||
Peduncles | 1.5–2.5 mm, hispido-villous to canescent. |
1–6 mm, sparsely to densely strigillose; bracteoles 0–5, sometimes clustered near to and grading into phyllaries, linear-lanceolate. |
||||
Involucres | campanulate, 4–6 mm. |
campanulate, 3.5–6 mm. |
||||
Ray florets | 6–14; laminae 1.5–4.5 × 0.5–1 mm. |
6–12; laminae 2.9–6.3 × 0.3–0.7(–1) mm. |
||||
Disc florets | 6–12; corollas 3–4.5 mm, lobes 0.6–1.2 mm. |
5–17; corollas 3.5–6 mm, lobes 0.8–1.7 mm. |
||||
Phyllaries | in 3–4 series, appressed, strongly unequal, midribs and tips conspicuously green, margins white, scarious, apices obtuse, glabrous or moderately strigose. |
in 3–5 series, lanceolate to oblong, strongly unequal, acute or sometimes obtuse, glabrous or sparsely strigillose. |
||||
Heads | 8–250+ in usually wand-paniculiform arrays of short axillary and terminal racemiform, non-secund clusters, sometimes proximal branches elongated, ascending and bearing short axillary and terminal racemiform clusters. |
(2–)30–500, in narrow to broad, thyrsiform to secund-pyramidal paniculiform arrays, branches recurved, secund, congested to lax. |
||||
Cypselae | (narrowly obconic) 1–2.5 mm, glabrous; pappi 2.5–4 mm (sometimes distinctly clavate). |
0.7–2.7 mm, sparsely to densely strigillose; pappi 2.5–4.7 mm. |
||||
2n | = 18. |
|||||
Solidago hispida |
Solidago velutina |
|||||
Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Sandy and gravelly soils, disturbed areas, fields, dunes, meadows, open woods, sandy deposits near streams and lakes, rocky outcrops | |||||
Elevation | 0–1000+ m (0–3300+ ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
|
AZ; CA; CO; ID; NM; NV; OR; TX; WY; Mexico
|
||||
Discussion | Ray floret color can fade with time, both in the field and on dried specimens, making it difficult to distinguish Solidago hispida from S. bicolor, in which it has sometimes been included. The latter tends to have slightly broader phyllaries and more obviously clavate pappus bristles. The two co-occur in some populations but do not appear to form hybrid swarms with a range in ray corolla color. Three varieties have been described on the basis of growth and pubescence features and are sometimes recognized. These may represent only extremes in continua of variation. Variety lanata has densely villous stems and leaves; such plants occur scattered through much of the range of the species. Two glabrous-stemmed varieties have been described; plants of var. tonsa are relatively small and were first described from Newfoundland; var. huronensis includes relatively tall glabrous plants found growing in sand dunes along the shore of Lake Huron in Michigan and Ontario. The latter plants have been treated as var. tonsa but the name is misapplied. Other varietal names are based on minor variations. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora). G. L. Nesom (1993b) merged Solidago californica, S. sparsiflora, and S. velutina without recognizing any infraspecific taxa, as did A. Cronquist (1994). J. C. Semple et al. (1990) compared S. californica and S. sparsiflora to S. nemoralis and found that all three are significantly different in a multivariate analysis. Evidence for separating the two subspecies of S. nemoralis was greater than the support for separating S. californica and S. sparsiflora. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 120. | FNA vol. 20, p. 160. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Squarrosae | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Nemorales | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Aster bicolor var. lanatus, S. bicolor var. concolor, S. bicolor var. hispida, S. bicolor var. lanata, S. bicolor var. luteola, S. bicolor var. ovalis, S. bicolor var. spathulata, S. earlei, S. hirsuta, S. hispida var. arnoglossa, S. hispida var. disjuncta, S. hispida var. huronensis, S. hispida var. lanata, S. hispida var. tonsa, S. lanata | Aster velutinus | ||||
Name authority | Muhlenberg ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 2063. (1803) | de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 332. (1836) | ||||
Web links |