Solidago hispida |
Solidago rigida |
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hairy goldenrod, verge d'or hispide |
stiff-leaf goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 20–100 cm; caudices branching. | Plants 30–150 cm; caudices branching, woody. | ||||||||
Stems | 1(–5), erect, simple, glabrous or moderately to densely hispido-villous, sometimes hairs appressed. |
1–10+, erect, stout, hairy. |
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Leaves | basal and proximal cauline tapering to winged petioles, blades broadly oblanceolate to obovate or elliptic, 35–200 (including petioles) × 15–60 mm, margins serrate or crenate, apices acute, faces sparsely to densely hispido-villous, rarely glabrous; mid and distal cauline sessile, blades elliptic, 15–30 × 5–7 mm, rapidly reduced distally, margins entire. |
basal and proximal cauline usually present at flowering, abruptly narrowed to long petioles, blades ovate to rhombic, 80–200 × 24–50 mm, firm, flat, margins entire to crenate, sometimes undulate, apices obtuse to acute, faces densely hairy; mid to distal cauline sessile, blades ovate, 30–50 × 15–17 mm, stiff, greatly reduced distally, margins entire or finely serrate, sometimes undulate, apices acute to obtuse. |
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Peduncles | 1.5–2.5 mm, hispido-villous to canescent. |
3–15 mm, strigillose-canescent, bracteoles 1–3, linear-lanceolate. |
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Involucres | campanulate, 4–6 mm. |
campanulate, 6–8 mm. |
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Ray florets | 6–14; laminae 1.5–4.5 × 0.5–1 mm. |
6–13; laminae 1.4–5.4 × 1.2–1.9 mm. |
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Disc florets | 6–12; corollas 3–4.5 mm, lobes 0.6–1.2 mm. |
14–35; corollas 4.3–6.1 mm, lobes 0.6–1.1 mm. |
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Phyllaries | in 3–4 series, appressed, strongly unequal, midribs and tips conspicuously green, margins white, scarious, apices obtuse, glabrous or moderately strigose. |
in 3–4 series, unequal, oblong, conspicuously striate (3–5 pronounced nerves), obtuse. |
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Heads | 8–250+ in usually wand-paniculiform arrays of short axillary and terminal racemiform, non-secund clusters, sometimes proximal branches elongated, ascending and bearing short axillary and terminal racemiform clusters. |
9–190, in corymbiform arrays, compact or branches long and spreading, densely hairy throughout. |
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Cypselae | (narrowly obconic) 1–2.5 mm, glabrous; pappi 2.5–4 mm (sometimes distinctly clavate). |
(obconic) 0.8–1.7 mm (ribbed), glabrous or strigillose apically; pappi 3–4 mm. |
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2n | = 18. |
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Solidago hispida |
Solidago rigida |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct. | |||||||||
Habitat | Sandy and gravelly soils, disturbed areas, fields, dunes, meadows, open woods, sandy deposits near streams and lakes, rocky outcrops | |||||||||
Elevation | 0–1000+ m (0–3300+ ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
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AL; AR; CO; CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; WY; AB; MB; ON; SK
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Discussion | Ray floret color can fade with time, both in the field and on dried specimens, making it difficult to distinguish Solidago hispida from S. bicolor, in which it has sometimes been included. The latter tends to have slightly broader phyllaries and more obviously clavate pappus bristles. The two co-occur in some populations but do not appear to form hybrid swarms with a range in ray corolla color. Three varieties have been described on the basis of growth and pubescence features and are sometimes recognized. These may represent only extremes in continua of variation. Variety lanata has densely villous stems and leaves; such plants occur scattered through much of the range of the species. Two glabrous-stemmed varieties have been described; plants of var. tonsa are relatively small and were first described from Newfoundland; var. huronensis includes relatively tall glabrous plants found growing in sand dunes along the shore of Lake Huron in Michigan and Ontario. The latter plants have been treated as var. tonsa but the name is misapplied. Other varietal names are based on minor variations. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora). Solidago rigida is divided into three subspecies with distinct morphologies and partially overlapping ranges. Intermediates occur between the subspecies in areas of sympatry. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 120. | FNA vol. 20, p. 163. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Squarrosae | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Ptarmicoidei | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Aster bicolor var. lanatus, S. bicolor var. concolor, S. bicolor var. hispida, S. bicolor var. lanata, S. bicolor var. luteola, S. bicolor var. ovalis, S. bicolor var. spathulata, S. earlei, S. hirsuta, S. hispida var. arnoglossa, S. hispida var. disjuncta, S. hispida var. huronensis, S. hispida var. lanata, S. hispida var. tonsa, S. lanata | Aster rigidus, Oligoneuron rigidum | ||||||||
Name authority | Muhlenberg ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 2063. (1803) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 880. (1753) | ||||||||
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