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broad-leaf goldenrod, verge d'or à tige zigzaguante, zig-zag goldenrod

Roan Mountain goldenrod

Habit Plants (15–)25–75(–90) cm; caudices woody, rhizomes short. Plants 20–100 cm; caudices branched, sometimes elongate.
Stems

1–5+, flexuous, sparsely to moderately hairy in arrays.

usually single, glabrous proximally, hirsuto-puberulent in arrays, sometimes irregularly or decurrently so proximally.

Leaves

rosettes present at flowering;

basal and proximal cauline tapering to winged petioles, blades ovate, (70–)100–140(–180) × (27–)40–60(–80) mm (petioles 1/4–1/2 total leaf length), margins serrate-serrulate [teeth (14–)21–33(–45)], abaxial faces glabrous or moderately hairy, more densely so on nerves, adaxial glabrous or sparsely hairy;

mid to distal cauline sessile, blades narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 38–90(–150) × 10–30(–55) mm, reduced distally, becoming lanceolate in arrays, bases tapering, margins entire to serrate, apices acuminate to cuspidate, faces glabrous or sparsely hairy, abaxial glabrous or moderately hairy, more densely so along nerves.

proximalmost withering, smaller;

basal and proximal cauline tapering to winged petioles, blades elliptic to elliptic-obovate or subrhombic, mostly 60–150 × 10–50 mm, margins serrate, usually acuminate, glabrous or scabrellous distally;

mid and distal cauline sessile, blades mostly rhombic-elliptic to narrowly lanceolate, 20–40 × 5–8 mm.

Peduncles

0.5–5 mm, moderately to densely strigose;

bracteoles 1–3, lanceolate, usually near base of involucres and grading into phyllaries.

1–4 mm, bracteolate.

Involucres

campanulate, 4.5–7(–8) mm.

campanulate, 4–6 mm.

Ray florets

1–5;

laminae (2–)2.5–4(–5) × 0.7–2 mm.

6–9;

laminae 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm.

Disc florets

4–8(–11);

corollas 2–3(–4) mm, lobes 1–1.6(–2) mm.

mostly 8–12;

corollas 4–4.5 mm, lobes 1–1.5 mm.

Phyllaries

in ca. 3 series, strongly unequal, outermost 1–2 mm, innermost 3.7–4.7(–5.7) mm, linear-oblong, 1-nerved, apices obtuse to acute.

in 3–4 series, appressed, unequal (outer 1/2 length of inner), linear to lanceolate-deltate (inner series usually striate with 2 prominent secondary nerves), apices narrowly acute or minutely obtuse.

Heads

25–250, in short axillary and terminal racemiform clusters, lateral panicles (2–)7–31(–56) cm.

50–250, in elongate, narrowly paniculiform arrays, leafy-bracteate proximally, not secund, proximal branches sometimes elongated and ascending.

Cypselae

(obconic) 1–2(–3) mm, moderately to densely strigose;

pappi 3–4.5 mm.

(tan) 1.75–2.5 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely strigose;

pappi 1.5–2.5 mm.

2n

= 18, 36.

= 18.

Solidago flexicaulis

Solidago roanensis

Phenology Flowering Aug–Oct. Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Shaded woods and thickets Woods and clearings, edges of balds, crevices in rocks, mountain provinces
Elevation 0–1200+ m (0–3900+ ft) 500–2000 m (1600–6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; GA; MD; NC; SC; TN; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The two cytotypes of Solidago flexicaulis show a strong geographic pattern. Diploids mostly occur east of the Appalachians except in the southwestern portion of the range, while tetraploids occur west of the mountains (J. G. Chmielewski and J. C. Semple 1985). The report of 2n = 90 for the species (Semple et al. 1993) was based on a specimen of the recently described Solidago faucibus. The significance of ploidy level on cypselae traits was analyzed in detail by Chmielewski et al. (1989).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 20, p. 128. FNA vol. 20, p. 122.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Glomeruliflorae Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Squarrosae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Synonyms Doria flexicaulis, S. flexicaulis var. ciliata, S. flexicaulis var. latifolia, S. latifolia, S. scrophulariifolia Aster monticola, S. alleghaniensis, S. curtisii var. monticola, S. maxonii, S. monticola, S. roanensis var. monticola
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 879. (1753) Porter: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 130. (1892)
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