Solidago elongata |
Solidago tortifolia |
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Cascade Canada goldenrod, narrow goldenrod, west coast Canada goldenrod, west coast goldenrod, west coast or Cascade Canada goldenrod |
twist-leaf goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 25–150 cm; rhizomes short to long creeping, forming few- to many-stemmed clones. | Plants 30–130 cm; caudices small, woody, rhizomes creeping, elongate. |
Stems | 1–20+, erect, proximally sparsely to moderately strigoso-villous, distally usually moderately to densely so. |
1–10, ascending to erect, uniformly finely strigillose-villous distal to mid. |
Leaves | basal 0; proximal cauline sessile, blades narrowly to broadly oblanceolate, 35–75(–100) × (6–)7.5–14(–20) mm, proximal much smaller, tapering to bases, margins subentire or finely serrulate to coarsely, sharply serrate (teeth 0–9 per side), ciliate, 3-nerved, sometimes obscurely so, apices acute, abaxial faces glabrate to sparsely short-strigose, adaxial glabrous; mid to distal cauline sessile, blades oblanceolate, becoming lanceolate distally, 20–60 × 4–8(–11) mm, largest near mid stem, somewhat to much reduced distally, margins entire or finely serrulate, rarely serrate (teeth 1–8 per side), usually becoming entire to sparsely serrulate distally, ciliate, apices acute, faces glabrous or sparsely strigoso-villous, more so along abaxial nerves. |
basal cauline nearly always withering well before flowering, linear-oblanceolate, smaller than proximal mid cauline, serrate; proximal persisting, sometimes brown-black after senescence, often twisted; proximal to distal numerous (100+ on tall stems), crowded, sessile, blades (bright green) linear to linear-lanceolate, 20–70 × 2–7(–10) mm, margins remotely serrulate (proximal) to entire or with 1–2 minute serrations (distal), obscurely 3-nerved, one or both faces glabrous or finely strigillose. |
Peduncles | 2–7 mm, sparsely to moderately short strigoso-villous; bracteoles 1–3, linear, rarely minutely stipitate-glandular. |
1–4 mm, finely strigilloso-villous; bracteoles 0–2, linear, grading into phyllaries. |
Involucres | narrowly campanulate, 2.5–3.5(–4) mm. |
narrowly campanulate, 2.5–3.5 mm. |
Ray florets | (8–)11–15(–17); laminae 1–2.5 × 0.1–0.4(–0.7) mm. |
2–8; laminae 1–2 × 0.25–0.5 mm. |
Disc florets | (3–)5–11(–16); corollas 2.6–3.7(–4) mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm. |
2–4(–6); corollas 2.3–3.5 mm, lobes 0.4–1 mm. |
Phyllaries | in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, margins sparsely long ciliate, acute, faces glabrous, rarely sparsely minutely stipitate-glandular; outer lanceolate, inner linear-lanceolate. |
in 3–4 series, strongly unequal; outer ovate, acute, inner oblong, obtuse to rounded. |
Heads | 12–500+, sometimes secund, in short to long, thyrsiform or narrowly secund-pyramidal paniculiform arrays, usually congested, club-shaped to rarely wand-shaped, (2.5–) 10–20 × (2–)4–8(–10) cm, branches usually ascending or sometimes arching spreading. |
100–300+, in short to elongate, pyramidal paniculiform arrays, branches recurved, secund. |
Cypselae | (narrowly obconic) 1–1.5 mm, sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi 2.5–3.3 mm. |
(narrowly obconic) 1 mm, strigillose; pappi 2–3 mm. |
2n | = 18, 36. |
= 18. |
Solidago elongata |
Solidago tortifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct. | Flowering Aug–Nov (year-round). |
Habitat | Sandy, gravelly soils, coastal headlands, thickets, open woods, meadows, along streams and creeks | Dry, usually sandy soils, pinelands, embankments |
Elevation | 0–2800 m (0–9200 ft) | 0–100+ m (0–300+ ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA
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Discussion | In California, coastal plants of Solidago elongata often have thicker leaves; those of the Sierras are often membranous and obscurely triple-nerved. This species can be similar to S. lepida, which usually has much larger distal cauline leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 154. | FNA vol. 20, p. 158. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. canadensis subsp. elongata, S. caurina, S. elongata var. microcephala, S. lepida var. caurina, S. lepida var. elongata | |
Name authority | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 327. (1841) | Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2: 377. (1823) |
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