Solidago elongata |
Solidago sphacelata |
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Cascade Canada goldenrod, narrow goldenrod, west coast Canada goldenrod, west coast goldenrod, west coast or Cascade Canada goldenrod |
autumn goldenrod, false goldenrod, limestone goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 25–150 cm; rhizomes short to long creeping, forming few- to many-stemmed clones. | Plants 50–120 cm; rhizomes short, caudexlike or somewhat elongate. |
Stems | 1–20+, erect, proximally sparsely to moderately strigoso-villous, distally usually moderately to densely so. |
usually 1, ascending to erect or arching, densely spreading-puberulent to occasionally subglabrous. |
Leaves | basal 0; proximal cauline sessile, blades narrowly to broadly oblanceolate, 35–75(–100) × (6–)7.5–14(–20) mm, proximal much smaller, tapering to bases, margins subentire or finely serrulate to coarsely, sharply serrate (teeth 0–9 per side), ciliate, 3-nerved, sometimes obscurely so, apices acute, abaxial faces glabrate to sparsely short-strigose, adaxial glabrous; mid to distal cauline sessile, blades oblanceolate, becoming lanceolate distally, 20–60 × 4–8(–11) mm, largest near mid stem, somewhat to much reduced distally, margins entire or finely serrulate, rarely serrate (teeth 1–8 per side), usually becoming entire to sparsely serrulate distally, ciliate, apices acute, faces glabrous or sparsely strigoso-villous, more so along abaxial nerves. |
basal (rosettes) present at flowering, conspicuously petiolate, petioles slightly winged distally, to 100 mm, blades cordate, 40–120 × 40–110 mm, margins coarsely sharp-serrate, apices acute to acuminate, abaxial faces moderately to densely spreading-puberulent, adaxial sparsely so or glabrate; mid and distal cauline progressively reduced, less petiolate, blades ovate to lanceolate, less cordate distally, 40–60 × 20–30 mm, margins finely serrate. |
Peduncles | 2–7 mm, sparsely to moderately short strigoso-villous; bracteoles 1–3, linear, rarely minutely stipitate-glandular. |
0–1 mm, sparsely hispido-strigose, bracteoles 1–4, lanceolate-ovate, grading into phyllaries. |
Involucres | narrowly campanulate, 2.5–3.5(–4) mm. |
narrowly campanulate, 3–4.5 mm. |
Ray florets | (8–)11–15(–17); laminae 1–2.5 × 0.1–0.4(–0.7) mm. |
3–6; laminae ca. 1 × 0.5–0.7 mm. |
Disc florets | (3–)5–11(–16); corollas 2.6–3.7(–4) mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm. |
3–6; corollas 2–2.5 mm, lobes 0.75–1.2 mm. |
Phyllaries | in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, margins sparsely long ciliate, acute, faces glabrous, rarely sparsely minutely stipitate-glandular; outer lanceolate, inner linear-lanceolate. |
in 2–3 series, ovate, strongly unequal, outer somewhat keeled, firm, margins ciliate. |
Heads | 12–500+, sometimes secund, in short to long, thyrsiform or narrowly secund-pyramidal paniculiform arrays, usually congested, club-shaped to rarely wand-shaped, (2.5–) 10–20 × (2–)4–8(–10) cm, branches usually ascending or sometimes arching spreading. |
50–250, densely crowded, often subglomerate, in secund paniculiform arrays, proximal branches few, widely spreading, secund, elongate, distal short, recurved. |
Cypselae | (narrowly obconic) 1–1.5 mm, sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi 2.5–3.3 mm. |
1–2 mm, sparsely short-strigose; pappi ca. 0.5 mm (forming many-bristled crown on longer cypselae). |
2n | = 18, 36. |
= 18. |
Solidago elongata |
Solidago sphacelata |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct. | Flowering (Jul–)Aug–Sep(–Oct). |
Habitat | Sandy, gravelly soils, coastal headlands, thickets, open woods, meadows, along streams and creeks | Open woods and rocky places, especially in calcareous soil, mountains and adjacent eroded plateaus |
Elevation | 0–2800 m (0–9200 ft) | 100–1000+ m (300–3300+ ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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AL; GA; IL; IN; KY; MS; NC; OH; TN; VA; WV
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Discussion | In California, coastal plants of Solidago elongata often have thicker leaves; those of the Sierras are often membranous and obscurely triple-nerved. This species can be similar to S. lepida, which usually has much larger distal cauline leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The vernacular name false goldenrod comes from the erroneous assignment of the species to the genus Brachychaeta rather than to Solidago, where it belongs. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 154. | FNA vol. 20, p. 135. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Argutae > ser. Brachychaeta |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. canadensis subsp. elongata, S. caurina, S. elongata var. microcephala, S. lepida var. caurina, S. lepida var. elongata | Brachychaeta cordata, Brachychaeta sphacelata, Brachyris ovatifolia, S. cordata |
Name authority | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 327. (1841) | Rafinesque: Ann. Nat. 14. (1820) |
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