Solidago elongata |
Solidago simplex |
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Cascade Canada goldenrod, narrow goldenrod, west coast Canada goldenrod, west coast goldenrod, west coast or Cascade Canada goldenrod |
alpine goldenrod, dune goldenrod, Mt. Albert goldenrod, Rand's goldenrod, spikelike goldenrod, sticky goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 25–150 cm; rhizomes short to long creeping, forming few- to many-stemmed clones. | Plants 5–80 cm; caudices branching. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 1–20+, erect, proximally sparsely to moderately strigoso-villous, distally usually moderately to densely so. |
1–10+, ascending to erect, proximally glabrous, strigose in arrays. |
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Leaves | basal 0; proximal cauline sessile, blades narrowly to broadly oblanceolate, 35–75(–100) × (6–)7.5–14(–20) mm, proximal much smaller, tapering to bases, margins subentire or finely serrulate to coarsely, sharply serrate (teeth 0–9 per side), ciliate, 3-nerved, sometimes obscurely so, apices acute, abaxial faces glabrate to sparsely short-strigose, adaxial glabrous; mid to distal cauline sessile, blades oblanceolate, becoming lanceolate distally, 20–60 × 4–8(–11) mm, largest near mid stem, somewhat to much reduced distally, margins entire or finely serrulate, rarely serrate (teeth 1–8 per side), usually becoming entire to sparsely serrulate distally, ciliate, apices acute, faces glabrous or sparsely strigoso-villous, more so along abaxial nerves. |
basal and proximal cauline petiolate, blades narrowly oblanceolate, (20–)50–100(–160) × (2–)5–16(–56) mm, margins serrate to crenate, apices acute to obtuse, glabrous; mid and distal sessile, similar, blades lanceolate to linear, 12–45 × 2–19 mm, reduced distally, margins entire to sparsely serrate, sometimes resinous. |
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Peduncles | 2–7 mm, sparsely to moderately short strigoso-villous; bracteoles 1–3, linear, rarely minutely stipitate-glandular. |
3.1–10.3 mm, glabrate to sparsely strigillose; bracteoles few, linear. |
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Involucres | narrowly campanulate, 2.5–3.5(–4) mm. |
campanulate, 3–7 mm. |
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Ray florets | (8–)11–15(–17); laminae 1–2.5 × 0.1–0.4(–0.7) mm. |
7–16; laminae 2–5 × 0.7–0.9 mm. |
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Disc florets | (3–)5–11(–16); corollas 2.6–3.7(–4) mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm. |
6–31; corollas 4–4.9 mm, lobes 0.6–1.3(–2) mm. |
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Phyllaries | in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, margins sparsely long ciliate, acute, faces glabrous, rarely sparsely minutely stipitate-glandular; outer lanceolate, inner linear-lanceolate. |
(in 3–4 series) strongly unequal, often resinous; outer ovate, acute, inner linear-oblong, obtuse. |
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Heads | 12–500+, sometimes secund, in short to long, thyrsiform or narrowly secund-pyramidal paniculiform arrays, usually congested, club-shaped to rarely wand-shaped, (2.5–) 10–20 × (2–)4–8(–10) cm, branches usually ascending or sometimes arching spreading. |
3–150, not secund, in narrowly elongate, paniculiform arrays, broadly so in robust plants (12.5–19 × 2.5–3 cm wide), consisting of short axillary and terminal racemiform clusters, proximal branches elongate in larger plants, branches glabrate to strigillose. |
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Cypselae | (narrowly obconic) 1–1.5 mm, sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi 2.5–3.3 mm. |
narrowly obconic, 1.9–3.2 mm, sometimes with dark ridges, strigillose; pappi 1.9–5.2 mm (bristles sometimes clavate). |
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2n | = 18, 36. |
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Solidago elongata |
Solidago simplex |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Sandy, gravelly soils, coastal headlands, thickets, open woods, meadows, along streams and creeks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–2800 m (0–9200 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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AK; AZ; CO; ID; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NH; NM; NY; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Mexico
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Discussion | In California, coastal plants of Solidago elongata often have thicker leaves; those of the Sierras are often membranous and obscurely triple-nerved. This species can be similar to S. lepida, which usually has much larger distal cauline leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 7 (7 in the flora). The somewhat viscid-resinous heads of Solidago simplex are its most distinctive feature, separating it from similar sympatric species. G. S. Ringius (1985) did a detailed multivariate analysis of the S. spathulata/S. simplex complex (the latter under the name S. glutinosa). The cytogeography of the species complex was presented by Ringius and J. C. Semple (1987). Neither study included data on the next three species occurring in the southeastern United States. The species is divided into two subspecies and seven varieties following G. S Ringius (1985) and J. C. Semple et al. (1999). Three varieties occur in the diploid transcontinental subsp. simplex: var. simplex, var. nana, and var. chlorolepis. Four varieties occur in the eastern North American tetraploid-hexaploid subsp. randii: var. monticola, var. gillmanii, var. ontarioensis, and var. racemosa. Except for var. simplex, varieties are restricted to different habitats in relatively limited ranges. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 154. | FNA vol. 20, p. 113. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Humiles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | S. canadensis subsp. elongata, S. caurina, S. elongata var. microcephala, S. lepida var. caurina, S. lepida var. elongata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 327. (1841) | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 4(fol.): 81. (1818) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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