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Cascade Canada goldenrod, narrow goldenrod, west coast Canada goldenrod, west coast goldenrod, west coast or Cascade Canada goldenrod

anise-scented goldenrod, anise-scented or fragrant or sweet goldenrod, licorice goldenrod, sweet goldenrod

Habit Plants 25–150 cm; rhizomes short to long creeping, forming few- to many-stemmed clones. Plants 60–120 cm; caudices short, stout.
Stems

1–20+, erect, proximally sparsely to moderately strigoso-villous, distally usually moderately to densely so.

1–5+, erect to arching, puberulent in arrays and in lines proximal to leaf bases or uniformly.

Leaves

basal 0;

proximal cauline sessile, blades narrowly to broadly oblanceolate, 35–75(–100) × (6–)7.5–14(–20) mm, proximal much smaller, tapering to bases, margins subentire or finely serrulate to coarsely, sharply serrate (teeth 0–9 per side), ciliate, 3-nerved, sometimes obscurely so, apices acute, abaxial faces glabrate to sparsely short-strigose, adaxial glabrous;

mid to distal cauline sessile, blades oblanceolate, becoming lanceolate distally, 20–60 × 4–8(–11) mm, largest near mid stem, somewhat to much reduced distally, margins entire or finely serrulate, rarely serrate (teeth 1–8 per side), usually becoming entire to sparsely serrulate distally, ciliate, apices acute, faces glabrous or sparsely strigoso-villous, more so along abaxial nerves.

usually anise-scented when crushed;

basal and proximal usually withering by flowering, tapering to broadly winged petioles, blades oblanceolate, margins entire, short-strigillose, faces glabrous or short scabroso-strigillose along main nerves;

mid and distal cauline sessile, blades lanceolate to linear-lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 30–110 × 8–20 mm, much reduced distally, bases rounded, margins entire, midnerves prominent, sometimes scabroso-strigillose basally to much of length, apices acute, faces glabrous, finely translucent gland-dotted.

Peduncles

2–7 mm, sparsely to moderately short strigoso-villous;

bracteoles 1–3, linear, rarely minutely stipitate-glandular.

thin, 2–8 mm, glabrate to finely puberulent, glabrous strips proximal to few linear-lanceolate bracteoles.

Involucres

narrowly campanulate, 2.5–3.5(–4) mm.

narrowly campanulate, 3.5–5 mm.

Ray florets

(8–)11–15(–17);

laminae 1–2.5 × 0.1–0.4(–0.7) mm.

3–4(–6);

laminae 1.4–2.5 × 0.4–0.9 mm.

Disc florets

(3–)5–11(–16);

corollas 2.6–3.7(–4) mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm.

3–5;

corollas 2.7–3.5 mm, lobes 0.5–1.3 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, margins sparsely long ciliate, acute, faces glabrous, rarely sparsely minutely stipitate-glandular;

outer lanceolate, inner linear-lanceolate.

in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, yellowish, acute, glabrous;

outer narrowly ovate to lanceolate, inner lanceolate to linear-lanceolate.

Heads

12–500+, sometimes secund, in short to long, thyrsiform or narrowly secund-pyramidal paniculiform arrays, usually congested, club-shaped to rarely wand-shaped, (2.5–) 10–20 × (2–)4–8(–10) cm, branches usually ascending or sometimes arching spreading.

(20–)75–350, in paniculiform arrays, openly secund, pyramidal, proximal to mid branches ascending to spreading, recurved, secund, 3–18 cm.

Cypselae

(narrowly obconic) 1–1.5 mm, sparsely to moderately strigose;

pappi 2.5–3.3 mm.

(obconic) 1.4–2.3 mm, strigose to glabrate;

pappi 2.4–3 mm.

2n

= 18, 36.

Solidago elongata

Solidago odora

Phenology Flowering Aug–Oct.
Habitat Sandy, gravelly soils, coastal headlands, thickets, open woods, meadows, along streams and creeks
Elevation 0–2800 m (0–9200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WV; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

In California, coastal plants of Solidago elongata often have thicker leaves; those of the Sierras are often membranous and obscurely triple-nerved. This species can be similar to S. lepida, which usually has much larger distal cauline leaves.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

subspecies 2 (2 in the flora)

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems puberulent in lines or strips decurrent from distal leaf bases (at least); mid cauline leaves mostly 40–110 × 5–15(–20) mm (4–15 times as long as wide); most of range except c, s peninsular Florida
subsp. odora
1. Stems uniformly puberulent, sometimes with short glabrous-glabrate strips proximal to leaf bases; mid cauline leaves mostly (15–)30–70 × 8–20 mm (2–6 times as long as wide); Florida, mostly peninsular, seldom in e panhandle
subsp. chapmanii
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 154. FNA vol. 20, p. 148.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Venosae > ser. Odorae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. odora subsp. chapmanii, S. odora subsp. odora
Synonyms S. canadensis subsp. elongata, S. caurina, S. elongata var. microcephala, S. lepida var. caurina, S. lepida var. elongata Aster odorus, S. odora var. inodora
Name authority Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 327. (1841) Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 214. (1789)
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