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Cascade Canada goldenrod, narrow goldenrod, west coast Canada goldenrod, west coast goldenrod, west coast or Cascade Canada goldenrod

alpine goldenrod, northern goldenrod, northern or Rocky Mountain goldenrod, Rocky Mountain goldenrod, verge d'or à rayons nombreux

Habit Plants 25–150 cm; rhizomes short to long creeping, forming few- to many-stemmed clones. Plants (3–)10–30(–80) cm; caudices branched.
Stems

1–20+, erect, proximally sparsely to moderately strigoso-villous, distally usually moderately to densely so.

1–10(–30+), decumbent to erect, slender, tufted, proximally glabrous or sparsely hairy, densely short-hispido-strigose in arrays.

Leaves

basal 0;

proximal cauline sessile, blades narrowly to broadly oblanceolate, 35–75(–100) × (6–)7.5–14(–20) mm, proximal much smaller, tapering to bases, margins subentire or finely serrulate to coarsely, sharply serrate (teeth 0–9 per side), ciliate, 3-nerved, sometimes obscurely so, apices acute, abaxial faces glabrate to sparsely short-strigose, adaxial glabrous;

mid to distal cauline sessile, blades oblanceolate, becoming lanceolate distally, 20–60 × 4–8(–11) mm, largest near mid stem, somewhat to much reduced distally, margins entire or finely serrulate, rarely serrate (teeth 1–8 per side), usually becoming entire to sparsely serrulate distally, ciliate, apices acute, faces glabrous or sparsely strigoso-villous, more so along abaxial nerves.

basal and proximal cauline petiolate;

petioles winged, margins ciliate;

blades linear-oblanceolate to spatulate, 10–170 × 3–30 mm, serrate to crenate near apices;

distal cauline sessile;

blades sometimes subclasping stems, ovate to linear-lanceolate, 16–20 × 7–11 mm, margins often distinctly ciliate.

Peduncles

2–7 mm, sparsely to moderately short strigoso-villous;

bracteoles 1–3, linear, rarely minutely stipitate-glandular.

5–6 mm, villous;

bracteoles 0–2, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate.

Involucres

narrowly campanulate, 2.5–3.5(–4) mm.

4–8 mm.

Ray florets

(8–)11–15(–17);

laminae 1–2.5 × 0.1–0.4(–0.7) mm.

12–18;

laminae 3–4 × 0.5–1 mm.

Disc florets

(3–)5–11(–16);

corollas 2.6–3.7(–4) mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm.

10–35;

corollas 3–5 mm, lobes 0.3–1 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, margins sparsely long ciliate, acute, faces glabrous, rarely sparsely minutely stipitate-glandular;

outer lanceolate, inner linear-lanceolate.

unequal to subequal, outer linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, lengths ± 2/3 inner, margins ciliate, apices acute to attenuate.

Heads

12–500+, sometimes secund, in short to long, thyrsiform or narrowly secund-pyramidal paniculiform arrays, usually congested, club-shaped to rarely wand-shaped, (2.5–) 10–20 × (2–)4–8(–10) cm, branches usually ascending or sometimes arching spreading.

4–75(–100+), not secund, in dense, round-topped corymbiform arrays;

branches white villous.

Cypselae

(narrowly obconic) 1–1.5 mm, sparsely to moderately strigose;

pappi 2.5–3.3 mm.

1.5–4 mm, sparsely to moderately strigose;

pappi 3–4 mm (inner bristles clavate).

2n

= 18, 36.

= 18, 36.

Solidago elongata

Solidago multiradiata

Phenology Flowering Aug–Oct. Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Sandy, gravelly soils, coastal headlands, thickets, open woods, meadows, along streams and creeks Tundra and tundralike habitats, alpine slopes and meadows
Elevation 0–2800 m (0–9200 ft) 0–3700 m (0–12100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

In California, coastal plants of Solidago elongata often have thicker leaves; those of the Sierras are often membranous and obscurely triple-nerved. This species can be similar to S. lepida, which usually has much larger distal cauline leaves.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Solidago multiradiata is the North American species most closely related to S. virgaurea, the type species of the genus, native to mostly arctic and alpine regions of Eurasia. Plants of S. multiradiata from the Rocky Mountains have been treated as var. scopulorum; they differ so little from those of other parts of the range that recognition of the variety without further support does not appear justified.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 20, p. 154. FNA vol. 20, p. 111.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Multiradiatae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Synonyms S. canadensis subsp. elongata, S. caurina, S. elongata var. microcephala, S. lepida var. caurina, S. lepida var. elongata Aster multiradiatus, S. algida, S. cusickii, S. dilatata, S. heterophylla, S. multiradiata var. arctica, S. multiradiata var. scopulorum, S. rubra, S. scopulorum, S. virgaurea var. arctica, S. virgaurea var. multiradiata
Name authority Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 327. (1841) Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 218. (1789)
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