Solidago elongata |
Solidago canadensis |
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Cascade Canada goldenrod, narrow goldenrod, west coast Canada goldenrod, west coast goldenrod, west coast or Cascade Canada goldenrod |
Canada goldenrod, verge d'or du Canada |
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Habit | Plants 25–150 cm; rhizomes short to long creeping, forming few- to many-stemmed clones. | Plants 30–150(–200) cm; rhizomes short to long creeping. | ||||
Stems | 1–20+, erect, proximally sparsely to moderately strigoso-villous, distally usually moderately to densely so. |
1–20+, erect, glabrate proximally or sparsely strigoso-villous, becoming more densely so distal to mid stem. |
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Leaves | basal 0; proximal cauline sessile, blades narrowly to broadly oblanceolate, 35–75(–100) × (6–)7.5–14(–20) mm, proximal much smaller, tapering to bases, margins subentire or finely serrulate to coarsely, sharply serrate (teeth 0–9 per side), ciliate, 3-nerved, sometimes obscurely so, apices acute, abaxial faces glabrate to sparsely short-strigose, adaxial glabrous; mid to distal cauline sessile, blades oblanceolate, becoming lanceolate distally, 20–60 × 4–8(–11) mm, largest near mid stem, somewhat to much reduced distally, margins entire or finely serrulate, rarely serrate (teeth 1–8 per side), usually becoming entire to sparsely serrulate distally, ciliate, apices acute, faces glabrous or sparsely strigoso-villous, more so along abaxial nerves. |
basal 0; proximal to mid cauline usually withering by flowering, tapering to sessile bases, blades narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 50–190 × 5–30 mm, margins sharply serrate, 3-nerved, apices acuminate, abaxial faces glabrous or more commonly hairy along main nerves, adaxial glabrous or slightly scabrous; mid to distal similar, 30–50(–120) × 8–12 mm, largest near mid stem, reduced distally, margins usually serrate or serrulate (teeth 3–8), sometimes entire proximal to arrays. |
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Peduncles | 2–7 mm, sparsely to moderately short strigoso-villous; bracteoles 1–3, linear, rarely minutely stipitate-glandular. |
3–3.4 mm, bracteoles 0–3, linear-triangular. |
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Involucres | narrowly campanulate, 2.5–3.5(–4) mm. |
narrowly campanulate, 1.7–2.5(–3) mm. |
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Ray florets | (8–)11–15(–17); laminae 1–2.5 × 0.1–0.4(–0.7) mm. |
(5–)8–14(–18); laminae 0.5–1.5 × 0.15–0.3(–0.5) mm. |
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Disc florets | (3–)5–11(–16); corollas 2.6–3.7(–4) mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm. |
(2–)3–6(–8); corollas 2.2–2.8(–3) mm, lobes 0.4–0.8(–1) mm. |
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Phyllaries | in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, margins sparsely long ciliate, acute, faces glabrous, rarely sparsely minutely stipitate-glandular; outer lanceolate, inner linear-lanceolate. |
in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, acute to obtuse; outer lanceolate, inner linear-lanceolate. |
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Heads | 12–500+, sometimes secund, in short to long, thyrsiform or narrowly secund-pyramidal paniculiform arrays, usually congested, club-shaped to rarely wand-shaped, (2.5–) 10–20 × (2–)4–8(–10) cm, branches usually ascending or sometimes arching spreading. |
(70–)150–1300+, secund, in secund pyramidal-paniculiform arrays (obscurely so and club-shaped thyrsiform in small plants or shoots with small arrays), branches divergent and recurved, branches and peduncles hairy. |
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Cypselae | (narrowly obconic) 1–1.5 mm, sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi 2.5–3.3 mm. |
(narrowly obconic) 1–1.5 mm (ribbed), sparsely strigose; pappi 1.8–2.2 mm. |
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2n | = 18, 36. |
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Solidago elongata |
Solidago canadensis |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Sandy, gravelly soils, coastal headlands, thickets, open woods, meadows, along streams and creeks | |||||
Elevation | 0–2800 m (0–9200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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CT; DE; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SD; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC [Introduced, Europe]
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Discussion | In California, coastal plants of Solidago elongata often have thicker leaves; those of the Sierras are often membranous and obscurely triple-nerved. This species can be similar to S. lepida, which usually has much larger distal cauline leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Solidago canadensis is cultivated and introduced in more western states and in Europe. Very narrow limits for the species are followed here. Alternatively, the species has been defined broadly to include most other species of the subsection (e.g., A. Cronquist 1994). Solidago ×bartramiana Fernald [S. canadensis var. bartramiana (Fernald) Beaudry] is considered to be a hybrid between S. canadensis and S. uliginosa. Its growth form and array are more like those of the latter. Two sometimes difficult-to-distinguish varieties with greatly overlapping ranges are recognized. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 154. | FNA vol. 20, p. 151. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | S. canadensis subsp. elongata, S. caurina, S. elongata var. microcephala, S. lepida var. caurina, S. lepida var. elongata | Aster canadensis | ||||
Name authority | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 327. (1841) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 878. (1753) | ||||
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