Solidago elongata |
Solidago caesia |
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Cascade Canada goldenrod, narrow goldenrod, west coast Canada goldenrod, west coast goldenrod, west coast or Cascade Canada goldenrod |
axillary goldenrod, blue-stem goldenrod, blue-stem or woodland or wreath goldenrod, verge d'or bleuâtre, wreath goldenrod |
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Habit | Plants 25–150 cm; rhizomes short to long creeping, forming few- to many-stemmed clones. | Plants (20–)35–80(–100) cm; rhizomes woody, caudexlike. | ||||
Stems | 1–20+, erect, proximally sparsely to moderately strigoso-villous, distally usually moderately to densely so. |
1–10+, usually blue to purple, glaucous, arching, straight, usually simple, occasionally with 2–3(–4) elongated lateral branches, glabrous or slightly strigose in arrays. |
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Leaves | basal 0; proximal cauline sessile, blades narrowly to broadly oblanceolate, 35–75(–100) × (6–)7.5–14(–20) mm, proximal much smaller, tapering to bases, margins subentire or finely serrulate to coarsely, sharply serrate (teeth 0–9 per side), ciliate, 3-nerved, sometimes obscurely so, apices acute, abaxial faces glabrate to sparsely short-strigose, adaxial glabrous; mid to distal cauline sessile, blades oblanceolate, becoming lanceolate distally, 20–60 × 4–8(–11) mm, largest near mid stem, somewhat to much reduced distally, margins entire or finely serrulate, rarely serrate (teeth 1–8 per side), usually becoming entire to sparsely serrulate distally, ciliate, apices acute, faces glabrous or sparsely strigoso-villous, more so along abaxial nerves. |
basal withering by flowering; proximal to mid cauline sessile, blades lanceolate, (47–)70–100(–150) × 8–20(–30) mm, margins serrate (with 0–24 teeth per side), apices acuminate, faces abaxially glabrous or sparsely hairy, adaxially sparsely hairy; distal sessile, blades narrowly lanceolate, (20–)40–70(–100) × (3.4–)5.6–11(–17) mm, margins entire to slightly serrate, faces glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
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Peduncles | 2–7 mm, sparsely to moderately short strigoso-villous; bracteoles 1–3, linear, rarely minutely stipitate-glandular. |
2–10 mm, sparsely to moderately strigose; bracteoles linear, 1–8. |
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Involucres | narrowly campanulate, 2.5–3.5(–4) mm. |
narrowly campanulate, (3.5–)4.8–6(–7.2) mm. |
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Ray florets | (8–)11–15(–17); laminae 1–2.5 × 0.1–0.4(–0.7) mm. |
1–6; laminae (1.5–)2–3(–4) × ca. 1 mm. |
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Disc florets | (3–)5–11(–16); corollas 2.6–3.7(–4) mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm. |
3–6(–9); corollas 2–3(–4) mm, lobes (0.5–)1–1.5(–2) mm. |
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Phyllaries | in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, margins sparsely long ciliate, acute, faces glabrous, rarely sparsely minutely stipitate-glandular; outer lanceolate, inner linear-lanceolate. |
in ca. 3 series, unequal, outermost lanceolate (1–1.7 mm), acute, innermost linear-oblong (2.3–4 mm), 1-nerved, obtuse to acute. |
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Heads | 12–500+, sometimes secund, in short to long, thyrsiform or narrowly secund-pyramidal paniculiform arrays, usually congested, club-shaped to rarely wand-shaped, (2.5–) 10–20 × (2–)4–8(–10) cm, branches usually ascending or sometimes arching spreading. |
9–380, in short, secund, axillary and terminal racemo-paniculiform clusters (4.4–)13–36(–58) cm. |
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Cypselae | (narrowly obconic) 1–1.5 mm, sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi 2.5–3.3 mm. |
1–2(–2.5) mm, moderately to densely strigose; pappi 2–3(–3.7) mm. |
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2n | = 18, 36. |
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Solidago elongata |
Solidago caesia |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Sandy, gravelly soils, coastal headlands, thickets, open woods, meadows, along streams and creeks | |||||
Elevation | 0–2800 m (0–9200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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Discussion | In California, coastal plants of Solidago elongata often have thicker leaves; those of the Sierras are often membranous and obscurely triple-nerved. This species can be similar to S. lepida, which usually has much larger distal cauline leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Solidago caesia is sometimes defined more broadly to include the erect-stemmed S. curtisii and S. ouachitensis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 154. | FNA vol. 20, p. 126. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Glomeruliflorae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | S. canadensis subsp. elongata, S. caurina, S. elongata var. microcephala, S. lepida var. caurina, S. lepida var. elongata | Aster caesius | ||||
Name authority | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 327. (1841) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 879. (1753) | ||||
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