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Drummond's goldenrod

autumn goldenrod, false goldenrod, limestone goldenrod

Habit Plants 30–100 cm; caudices stout, branched, rhizomes thick. Plants 50–120 cm; rhizomes short, caudexlike or somewhat elongate.
Stems

usually 1, ascending to erect, uniformly short villoso-strigose, occasionally glabrate proximally.

usually 1, ascending to erect or arching, densely spreading-puberulent to occasionally subglabrous.

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline short-petiolate, blades broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate, margins serrate, ± 3-nerved and pinnately nerved, abaxial faces (at least) evenly short villoso-strigose;

mid and distal cauline like proximal, 20–70 × 10–40 mm (1.3–2 times as long as wide), usually only those near arrays reduced and 1-nerved.

basal (rosettes) present at flowering, conspicuously petiolate, petioles slightly winged distally, to 100 mm, blades cordate, 40–120 × 40–110 mm, margins coarsely sharp-serrate, apices acute to acuminate, abaxial faces moderately to densely spreading-puberulent, adaxial sparsely so or glabrate;

mid and distal cauline progressively reduced, less petiolate, blades ovate to lanceolate, less cordate distally, 40–60 × 20–30 mm, margins finely serrate.

Peduncles

1–6 mm;

bracteoles ovate, minute, grading into phyllaries.

0–1 mm, sparsely hispido-strigose, bracteoles 1–4, lanceolate-ovate, grading into phyllaries.

Involucres

campanulate, 3–4.5 mm.

narrowly campanulate, 3–4.5 mm.

Ray florets

3–7;

laminae 1.5–2 × 0.5–1 mm.

3–6;

laminae ca. 1 × 0.5–0.7 mm.

Disc florets

4–7;

corollas (abruptly ampliate) 3–3.5 mm, lobes ca. 1 mm.

3–6;

corollas 2–2.5 mm, lobes 0.75–1.2 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3 series, strongly unequal, obtuse or rounded;

mid broadly oblong, inner narrowly so.

in 2–3 series, ovate, strongly unequal, outer somewhat keeled, firm, margins ciliate.

Heads

30–200+, apparently sometimes drooping, in open leafy, secund pyramidal, paniculiform arrays, branches recurved, leafy-bracteate, secund, proximalmost branch sometimes separated by several nodes from next.

50–250, densely crowded, often subglomerate, in secund paniculiform arrays, proximal branches few, widely spreading, secund, elongate, distal short, recurved.

Cypselae

1.5–2 mm (4–8 translucent ribs), moderately short-strigose;

pappi 2–2.5 mm.

1–2 mm, sparsely short-strigose;

pappi ca. 0.5 mm (forming many-bristled crown on longer cypselae).

2n

= 18.

= 18.

Solidago drummondii

Solidago sphacelata

Phenology Flowering late Jul–Oct. Flowering (Jul–)Aug–Sep(–Oct).
Habitat Crevices of limestone ledges and bluffs, rocky woods, especially in calcareous soil Open woods and rocky places, especially in calcareous soil, mountains and adjacent eroded plateaus
Elevation 100–300+ m (300–1000+ ft) 100–1000+ m (300–3300+ ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; IL; MO
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; GA; IL; IN; KY; MS; NC; OH; TN; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

A. Cronquist (1980) listed Solidago drummondii as reputedly in Louisiana; K. N. Gandhi and R. D. Thomas (1989) did not see any specimen from that state.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The vernacular name false goldenrod comes from the erroneous assignment of the species to the genus Brachychaeta rather than to Solidago, where it belongs.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 20, p. 149. FNA vol. 20, p. 135.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Venosae > ser. Drummondiani Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Argutae > ser. Brachychaeta
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Synonyms Aster torreyi Brachychaeta cordata, Brachychaeta sphacelata, Brachyris ovatifolia, S. cordata
Name authority Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 217. (1842) Rafinesque: Ann. Nat. 14. (1820)
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