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Drummond's goldenrod

stiff-leaf goldenrod

Habit Plants 30–100 cm; caudices stout, branched, rhizomes thick. Plants 30–150 cm; caudices branching, woody.
Stems

usually 1, ascending to erect, uniformly short villoso-strigose, occasionally glabrate proximally.

1–10+, erect, stout, hairy.

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline short-petiolate, blades broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate, margins serrate, ± 3-nerved and pinnately nerved, abaxial faces (at least) evenly short villoso-strigose;

mid and distal cauline like proximal, 20–70 × 10–40 mm (1.3–2 times as long as wide), usually only those near arrays reduced and 1-nerved.

basal and proximal cauline usually present at flowering, abruptly narrowed to long petioles, blades ovate to rhombic, 80–200 × 24–50 mm, firm, flat, margins entire to crenate, sometimes undulate, apices obtuse to acute, faces densely hairy;

mid to distal cauline sessile, blades ovate, 30–50 × 15–17 mm, stiff, greatly reduced distally, margins entire or finely serrate, sometimes undulate, apices acute to obtuse.

Peduncles

1–6 mm;

bracteoles ovate, minute, grading into phyllaries.

3–15 mm, strigillose-canescent, bracteoles 1–3, linear-lanceolate.

Involucres

campanulate, 3–4.5 mm.

campanulate, 6–8 mm.

Ray florets

3–7;

laminae 1.5–2 × 0.5–1 mm.

6–13;

laminae 1.4–5.4 × 1.2–1.9 mm.

Disc florets

4–7;

corollas (abruptly ampliate) 3–3.5 mm, lobes ca. 1 mm.

14–35;

corollas 4.3–6.1 mm, lobes 0.6–1.1 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3 series, strongly unequal, obtuse or rounded;

mid broadly oblong, inner narrowly so.

in 3–4 series, unequal, oblong, conspicuously striate (3–5 pronounced nerves), obtuse.

Heads

30–200+, apparently sometimes drooping, in open leafy, secund pyramidal, paniculiform arrays, branches recurved, leafy-bracteate, secund, proximalmost branch sometimes separated by several nodes from next.

9–190, in corymbiform arrays, compact or branches long and spreading, densely hairy throughout.

Cypselae

1.5–2 mm (4–8 translucent ribs), moderately short-strigose;

pappi 2–2.5 mm.

(obconic) 0.8–1.7 mm (ribbed), glabrous or strigillose apically;

pappi 3–4 mm.

2n

= 18.

Solidago drummondii

Solidago rigida

Phenology Flowering late Jul–Oct.
Habitat Crevices of limestone ledges and bluffs, rocky woods, especially in calcareous soil
Elevation 100–300+ m (300–1000+ ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; IL; MO
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; CT; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; WY; AB; MB; ON; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

A. Cronquist (1980) listed Solidago drummondii as reputedly in Louisiana; K. N. Gandhi and R. D. Thomas (1989) did not see any specimen from that state.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora).

Solidago rigida is divided into three subspecies with distinct morphologies and partially overlapping ranges. Intermediates occur between the subspecies in areas of sympatry.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Outer phyllaries glabrous; leaves and stems glabrous or ± hispid
subsp. glabrata
1. Outer phyllaries strigillose; leaves and stems moderately to densely hispid or strigose
→ 2
2. Inner phyllaries glabrate to sparsely strigillose, oblong and rounded; plants robust (60–150 cm); arrays loose, open; leaves and stems coarsely hispid (fewer than 50 hairs/mm 2)
subsp. rigida
2. Inner phyllaries conspicuously strigillose, often linear; plants usually short (30–70 cm), sometimes taller; arrays compact; leaves and stems finely and densely hispido-strigose (more than 50 hairs/mm 2)
subsp. humilis
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 149. FNA vol. 20, p. 163.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Venosae > ser. Drummondiani Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Ptarmicoidei
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. rigida subsp. glabrata, S. rigida subsp. humilis, S. rigida subsp. rigida
Synonyms Aster torreyi Aster rigidus, Oligoneuron rigidum
Name authority Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 217. (1842) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 880. (1753)
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