The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

Drummond's goldenrod

Canada goldenrod, dyersweed goldenrod, field goldenrod, gray goldenrod, gray or gray-stem or old-field goldenrod, verge d'or des bois

Habit Plants 30–100 cm; caudices stout, branched, rhizomes thick. Plants 20–100 cm; caudices short-branched.
Stems

usually 1, ascending to erect, uniformly short villoso-strigose, occasionally glabrate proximally.

1–6(–10), erect, short-canescent (hairs ascending to appressed).

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline short-petiolate, blades broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate, margins serrate, ± 3-nerved and pinnately nerved, abaxial faces (at least) evenly short villoso-strigose;

mid and distal cauline like proximal, 20–70 × 10–40 mm (1.3–2 times as long as wide), usually only those near arrays reduced and 1-nerved.

basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles, blades spatulate-ovate to oblanceolate, 20–95 × 7–15 mm, margins crenate to entire, apices acute, faces densely puberulent;

mid and distal cauline (sometimes subtending axillary tufts of lateral branch leaves) sessile, blades linear-oblanceolate, 16–45 × 3–7 mm, reduced distally, margins entire.

Peduncles

1–6 mm;

bracteoles ovate, minute, grading into phyllaries.

2–3.5 mm, bracteoles 0–4, linear.

Involucres

campanulate, 3–4.5 mm.

narrowly campanulate, 2.6–5.8 mm.

Ray florets

3–7;

laminae 1.5–2 × 0.5–1 mm.

5–11;

laminae 2.8–5.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm.

Disc florets

4–7;

corollas (abruptly ampliate) 3–3.5 mm, lobes ca. 1 mm.

3–10; 2.5–4.6 mm, lobes 0.4-0.6 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3 series, strongly unequal, obtuse or rounded;

mid broadly oblong, inner narrowly so.

in 3 series, ovate to linear-lanceolate, unequal, outer acute, inner obtuse.

Heads

30–200+, apparently sometimes drooping, in open leafy, secund pyramidal, paniculiform arrays, branches recurved, leafy-bracteate, secund, proximalmost branch sometimes separated by several nodes from next.

10–300, secund, in wandlike pyramidal, paniculiform arrays, secund to apically recurved, 8–25 × 2.5–10 cm, sometimes proximal branches elongate, repeating pattern.

Cypselae

1.5–2 mm (4–8 translucent ribs), moderately short-strigose;

pappi 2–2.5 mm.

(obconic) 0.5–2 mm, strigose;

pappi 2–4 mm.

2n

= 18.

Solidago drummondii

Solidago nemoralis

Phenology Flowering late Jul–Oct.
Habitat Crevices of limestone ledges and bluffs, rocky woods, especially in calcareous soil
Elevation 100–300+ m (300–1000+ ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; IL; MO
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VT; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

A. Cronquist (1980) listed Solidago drummondii as reputedly in Louisiana; K. N. Gandhi and R. D. Thomas (1989) did not see any specimen from that state.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

The arrays can be elongate with ends bent nearly 90–180°.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Pappus bristles usually not or barely exceeding ray floret corolla tubes and bases of disc floret lobes; disc corolla lobes 0.5–0.9(–1) mm; involucres usually 2.6–4.2 mm (tetraploids have larger heads); cypselae usually only sparsely strigose; basal leaves usually crenate, oblanceolate to obovate; open areas and open woods in eastern deciduous forest
subsp. nemoralis
1. Pappus bristles usually exceeding ray floret corolla tubes and bases of disc corolla lobes; disc corolla lobes (0.6–)0.8–1.5 mm; involucres usually 4.6–5.8 mm; cypselae moderately strigose; basal leaves usually not crenate, often linear-oblanceolate; prairies (rarely in forested areas) from Indiana westward to the Rocky Mountains, British Columbia to New Mexico
subsp. decemflora
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 149. FNA vol. 20, p. 159.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Venosae > ser. Drummondiani Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Nemorales
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. nemoralis subsp. decemflora, S. nemoralis subsp. nemoralis
Synonyms Aster torreyi
Name authority Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 217. (1842) Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 213. (1789)
Web links