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Dixie goldenrod

autumn goldenrod, false goldenrod, limestone goldenrod

Habit Plants 50–120 cm; rhizomes short, caudexlike. Plants 50–120 cm; rhizomes short, caudexlike or somewhat elongate.
Stems

1–5, sparsely to moderately strigoso-puberulent.

usually 1, ascending to erect or arching, densely spreading-puberulent to occasionally subglabrous.

Leaves

basal petioles 3–5 cm, blades oblanceolate or spatulate to ovate or rotund, 2–4 cm (excluding petioles);

cauline (numerous) subsessile or sessile, blades elliptic or lance-elliptic to ovate, mid mostly 25–50(–65) × 10–25 mm, distal much reduced;

branch leaf petioles 1 mm, blades ovate, 5–15 (excluding petioles) × 2–10 mm.

basal (rosettes) present at flowering, conspicuously petiolate, petioles slightly winged distally, to 100 mm, blades cordate, 40–120 × 40–110 mm, margins coarsely sharp-serrate, apices acute to acuminate, abaxial faces moderately to densely spreading-puberulent, adaxial sparsely so or glabrate;

mid and distal cauline progressively reduced, less petiolate, blades ovate to lanceolate, less cordate distally, 40–60 × 20–30 mm, margins finely serrate.

Peduncles

linear, 1–3 mm, bracteate.

0–1 mm, sparsely hispido-strigose, bracteoles 1–4, lanceolate-ovate, grading into phyllaries.

Involucres

narrowly campanulate, 3–5 mm.

narrowly campanulate, 3–4.5 mm.

Ray florets

0(–2).

3–6;

laminae ca. 1 × 0.5–0.7 mm.

Disc florets

4–8;

corollas 3 mm, lobes 1 mm.

3–6;

corollas 2–2.5 mm, lobes 0.75–1.2 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3–4 series, lanceolate, strongly unequal, margins ciliate, apices acute, glabrous.

in 2–3 series, ovate, strongly unequal, outer somewhat keeled, firm, margins ciliate.

Heads

75–200 in open paniculiform arrays, branches divaricate, ascending to recurved, weakly to strongly secund, to 50 cm, secondary branches less than 3 cm.

50–250, densely crowded, often subglomerate, in secund paniculiform arrays, proximal branches few, widely spreading, secund, elongate, distal short, recurved.

Cypselae

2.5–3 mm, moderately short-strigose;

pappi 2 mm.

1–2 mm, sparsely short-strigose;

pappi ca. 0.5 mm (forming many-bristled crown on longer cypselae).

2n

= 18.

= 18.

Solidago brachyphylla

Solidago sphacelata

Phenology Flowering (Sep–)Oct(–Nov). Flowering (Jul–)Aug–Sep(–Oct).
Habitat Open woods, coastal plain, and piedmont Open woods and rocky places, especially in calcareous soil, mountains and adjacent eroded plateaus
Elevation 10–100+ m (0–300+ ft) 100–1000+ m (300–3300+ ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; NC; SC
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; GA; IL; IN; KY; MS; NC; OH; TN; VA; WV
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Solidago brachyphylla possibly occurs also in Mississippi.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The vernacular name false goldenrod comes from the erroneous assignment of the species to the genus Brachychaeta rather than to Solidago, where it belongs.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 20, p. 133. FNA vol. 20, p. 135.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Argutae > ser. Argutae Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Argutae > ser. Brachychaeta
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Synonyms S. boottii var. brachyphylla, S. pallescens Brachychaeta cordata, Brachychaeta sphacelata, Brachyris ovatifolia, S. cordata
Name authority Chapman ex Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 218. (1842) Rafinesque: Ann. Nat. 14. (1820)
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