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Dixie goldenrod

rough-leaf goldenrod, roundleaf goldenrod, swamp goldenrod

Habit Plants 50–120 cm; rhizomes short, caudexlike. Plants 50–150 cm; caudices short, rhizomes creeping, elongate, thin to thick.
Stems

1–5, sparsely to moderately strigoso-puberulent.

1–3+, erect (angular in cross section, sometimes winged on angles), glabrous or sparsely hairy in arrays.

Leaves

basal petioles 3–5 cm, blades oblanceolate or spatulate to ovate or rotund, 2–4 cm (excluding petioles);

cauline (numerous) subsessile or sessile, blades elliptic or lance-elliptic to ovate, mid mostly 25–50(–65) × 10–25 mm, distal much reduced;

branch leaf petioles 1 mm, blades ovate, 5–15 (excluding petioles) × 2–10 mm.

basal and proximal cauline abruptly narrowed to long, winged petioles, blades broadly ovate, 100–300 × 40–100 mm, relatively thick, margins serrate, apices acute, abaxially glabrous, adaxially scabrous;

distal cauline sessile, blades lanceolate, 50–80 × 15–20 mm, gradually reduced distally, subentire.

Peduncles

linear, 1–3 mm, bracteate.

1–4 mm, sparsely hispido-strigose, bracteoles 2–5, lanceolate, grading into phyllaries distally.

Involucres

narrowly campanulate, 3–5 mm.

3–4.5 mm.

Ray florets

0(–2).

5–12;

laminae 1.5–1.7 × 0.5 mm.

Disc florets

4–8;

corollas 3 mm, lobes 1 mm.

5–15;

corollas 2.8–3 mm, lobes 0.6–1.5 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3–4 series, lanceolate, strongly unequal, margins ciliate, apices acute, glabrous.

(10–12) in 3–4 series, ovate to linear-ovate, unequal, obtuse.

Heads

75–200 in open paniculiform arrays, branches divaricate, ascending to recurved, weakly to strongly secund, to 50 cm, secondary branches less than 3 cm.

25–200, secund, in open, lax, secund, pyramidal, paniculiform arrays, branches ascending to recurved, often elongate with recurved ends.

Cypselae

2.5–3 mm, moderately short-strigose;

pappi 2 mm.

(sometimes mottled) 1.5–2 mm, strigillose;

pappi 2–3 mm.

2n

= 18.

Solidago brachyphylla

Solidago patula

Phenology Flowering (Sep–)Oct(–Nov).
Habitat Open woods, coastal plain, and piedmont
Elevation 10–100+ m (0–300+ ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; NC; SC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Solidago brachyphylla possibly occurs also in Mississippi.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Solidago patula is readily recognized by the angled stem and the sharkskin-like texture of the adaxial surface of the leaves.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Plants relatively robust, proximal leaves large, 80–300 × 40–100 mm, sharply serrate; distal leaves relatively few, gradually reduced distally, serrate; n and s in mountains, to Alabama, Mississippi,Georgia
subsp. patula
1. Plants more slender and small-leaved, proximal leaves narrower, 50–60 mm wide; distal leaves numerous, much reduced to bracts in array, usually finely serrate to entire; mostly coastal plain and adjacent piedmont
subsp. strictula
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 133. FNA vol. 20, p. 134.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Argutae > ser. Argutae Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Argutae > ser. Argutae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. patula subsp. patula, S. patula subsp. strictula
Synonyms S. boottii var. brachyphylla, S. pallescens
Name authority Chapman ex Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 218. (1842) Muhlenberg ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 3: 2059. (1803)
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