Solidago brachyphylla
Solidago missouriensis
Dixie goldenrod
Missouri goldenrod, prairie goldenrod
1–5, sparsely to moderately strigoso-puberulent.
1–50+, erect, glabrous or sometimes sparsely strigose in arrays;
fascicles of small lateral branch leaves often present in axils.
basal petioles 3–5 cm, blades oblanceolate or spatulate to ovate or rotund, 2–4 cm (excluding petioles);
cauline (numerous) subsessile or sessile, blades elliptic or lance-elliptic to ovate, mid mostly 25–50(–65) × 10–25 mm, distal much reduced;
branch leaf petioles 1 mm, blades ovate, 5–15 (excluding petioles) × 2–10 mm.
proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles, blades oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, 50–100(–200) (including petiole) × (5–)10–20(–30) mm, margins entire to serrulate, usually 3-nerved (2 larger lateral nerves), apices acute, mucronate to acuminate and somewhat spinulose, glabrous;
mid to distal cauline sessile, blades lanceolate to linear, 40–60 × (2–)4–14 mm, rapidly reduced distally, margins entire, ciliate, faces glabrous.
linear, 1–3 mm, bracteate.
1.4–5 mm, glabrous or sparsely strigose;
bracteoles 0–3+, linear to lanceolate.
narrowly campanulate, 3–5 mm.
narrowly to broadly campanulate, 2.5–4.5 mm.
0(–2).
5–14;
laminae 1.5–2(–4) × 0.2–0.5(–0.75) mm.
4–8;
corollas 3 mm, lobes 1 mm.
(6–)8–20;
corollas (2–)3–4 mm, lobes 0.4–1 mm.
in 3–4 series, lanceolate, strongly unequal, margins ciliate, apices acute, glabrous.
in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, margins ciliate-fimbriate, especially apically;
outer ovate to lanceolate, acute to rounded, inner linear-ovate to oblong or linear-lanceolate, obtuse to rounded.
75–200 in open paniculiform arrays, branches divaricate, ascending to recurved, weakly to strongly secund, to 50 cm, secondary branches less than 3 cm.
10–210 in paniculiform arrays, broadly secund-pyramidal or more rhombic to transversely rhombic, (1.5–)3–12(–20) × (1.5–)3–12 cm;
branches glabrous with secund heads spreading and arching, sometimes ascending with non-secund heads.
2.5–3 mm, moderately short-strigose;
pappi 2 mm.
(obconic) 1–2 mm, glabrous or sparsely strigose;
pappi 2.5–3 mm.
= 18.
= 18, 36.
Solidago brachyphylla
Solidago missouriensis
Solidago brachyphylla possibly occurs also in Mississippi.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Solidago missouriensis was often introduced along railroad lines farther east. It is a highly variable species. In the east, it can be similar to S. juncea and is not always easily distinguished where ranges overlap. In the west, it can similar to smaller plants of S. spectabilis. It is distinguished from the related species by its usually 3-nerved proximal leaves and the usually thin, elongate rhizomes. Across the prairies the species is known to be diploid only (2n = 18). In the Rocky Mountains, tetraploids (2n = 36) are common, the diploids infrequent.
A number of varieties have been described. Shorter, often larger-headed plants (tetraploids when known) from the Rocky Mountains have been treated as var. missouriensis (including var. extraria). Taller, more leafy-stemmed plants, mostly from the eastern half of the range, but occasionally west to Washington, have been treated as var. fasciculata. Plants from Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico with long, linear leaves have been treated as var. tenuissima. Larger-headed plants with narrow bracts from prairies west of the Cascades in Oregon and Washington have been treated as var. tolmieana. A. Cronquist (1994) opted not to recognize varieties, noting that all appeared to grade continuously into each other. A detailed study of the species is needed.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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OR, 
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MO Plants, 
PNW Herbaria, 
SW CO Wildflowers, Turner Photog. 
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