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Dixie goldenrod

Canada goldenrod, verge d'or du Canada

Habit Plants 50–120 cm; rhizomes short, caudexlike. Plants 30–150(–200) cm; rhizomes short to long creeping.
Stems

1–5, sparsely to moderately strigoso-puberulent.

1–20+, erect, glabrate proximally or sparsely strigoso-villous, becoming more densely so distal to mid stem.

Leaves

basal petioles 3–5 cm, blades oblanceolate or spatulate to ovate or rotund, 2–4 cm (excluding petioles);

cauline (numerous) subsessile or sessile, blades elliptic or lance-elliptic to ovate, mid mostly 25–50(–65) × 10–25 mm, distal much reduced;

branch leaf petioles 1 mm, blades ovate, 5–15 (excluding petioles) × 2–10 mm.

basal 0;

proximal to mid cauline usually withering by flowering, tapering to sessile bases, blades narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 50–190 × 5–30 mm, margins sharply serrate, 3-nerved, apices acuminate, abaxial faces glabrous or more commonly hairy along main nerves, adaxial glabrous or slightly scabrous;

mid to distal similar, 30–50(–120) × 8–12 mm, largest near mid stem, reduced distally, margins usually serrate or serrulate (teeth 3–8), sometimes entire proximal to arrays.

Peduncles

linear, 1–3 mm, bracteate.

3–3.4 mm, bracteoles 0–3, linear-triangular.

Involucres

narrowly campanulate, 3–5 mm.

narrowly campanulate, 1.7–2.5(–3) mm.

Ray florets

0(–2).

(5–)8–14(–18);

laminae 0.5–1.5 × 0.15–0.3(–0.5) mm.

Disc florets

4–8;

corollas 3 mm, lobes 1 mm.

(2–)3–6(–8);

corollas 2.2–2.8(–3) mm, lobes 0.4–0.8(–1) mm.

Phyllaries

in 3–4 series, lanceolate, strongly unequal, margins ciliate, apices acute, glabrous.

in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, acute to obtuse;

outer lanceolate, inner linear-lanceolate.

Heads

75–200 in open paniculiform arrays, branches divaricate, ascending to recurved, weakly to strongly secund, to 50 cm, secondary branches less than 3 cm.

(70–)150–1300+, secund, in secund pyramidal-paniculiform arrays (obscurely so and club-shaped thyrsiform in small plants or shoots with small arrays), branches divergent and recurved, branches and peduncles hairy.

Cypselae

2.5–3 mm, moderately short-strigose;

pappi 2 mm.

(narrowly obconic) 1–1.5 mm (ribbed), sparsely strigose;

pappi 1.8–2.2 mm.

2n

= 18.

Solidago brachyphylla

Solidago canadensis

Phenology Flowering (Sep–)Oct(–Nov).
Habitat Open woods, coastal plain, and piedmont
Elevation 10–100+ m (0–300+ ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; NC; SC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CT; DE; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SD; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC [Introduced, Europe]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Solidago brachyphylla possibly occurs also in Mississippi.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Solidago canadensis is cultivated and introduced in more western states and in Europe. Very narrow limits for the species are followed here. Alternatively, the species has been defined broadly to include most other species of the subsection (e.g., A. Cronquist 1994).

Solidago ×bartramiana Fernald [S. canadensis var. bartramiana (Fernald) Beaudry] is considered to be a hybrid between S. canadensis and S. uliginosa. Its growth form and array are more like those of the latter.

Two sometimes difficult-to-distinguish varieties with greatly overlapping ranges are recognized.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Mid to proximal stems glabrous or sparsely hairy
var. canadensis
1. Mid to proximal stems moderately hairy
var. hargeri
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 133. FNA vol. 20, p. 151.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Argutae > ser. Argutae Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. canadensis var. canadensis, S. canadensis var. hargeri
Synonyms S. boottii var. brachyphylla, S. pallescens Aster canadensis
Name authority Chapman ex Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 218. (1842) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 878. (1753)
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