Solidago brachyphylla |
Solidago canadensis |
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Dixie goldenrod |
Canada goldenrod, verge d'or du Canada |
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Habit | Plants 50–120 cm; rhizomes short, caudexlike. | Plants 30–150(–200) cm; rhizomes short to long creeping. | ||||
Stems | 1–5, sparsely to moderately strigoso-puberulent. |
1–20+, erect, glabrate proximally or sparsely strigoso-villous, becoming more densely so distal to mid stem. |
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Leaves | basal petioles 3–5 cm, blades oblanceolate or spatulate to ovate or rotund, 2–4 cm (excluding petioles); cauline (numerous) subsessile or sessile, blades elliptic or lance-elliptic to ovate, mid mostly 25–50(–65) × 10–25 mm, distal much reduced; branch leaf petioles 1 mm, blades ovate, 5–15 (excluding petioles) × 2–10 mm. |
basal 0; proximal to mid cauline usually withering by flowering, tapering to sessile bases, blades narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 50–190 × 5–30 mm, margins sharply serrate, 3-nerved, apices acuminate, abaxial faces glabrous or more commonly hairy along main nerves, adaxial glabrous or slightly scabrous; mid to distal similar, 30–50(–120) × 8–12 mm, largest near mid stem, reduced distally, margins usually serrate or serrulate (teeth 3–8), sometimes entire proximal to arrays. |
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Peduncles | linear, 1–3 mm, bracteate. |
3–3.4 mm, bracteoles 0–3, linear-triangular. |
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Involucres | narrowly campanulate, 3–5 mm. |
narrowly campanulate, 1.7–2.5(–3) mm. |
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Ray florets | 0(–2). |
(5–)8–14(–18); laminae 0.5–1.5 × 0.15–0.3(–0.5) mm. |
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Disc florets | 4–8; corollas 3 mm, lobes 1 mm. |
(2–)3–6(–8); corollas 2.2–2.8(–3) mm, lobes 0.4–0.8(–1) mm. |
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Phyllaries | in 3–4 series, lanceolate, strongly unequal, margins ciliate, apices acute, glabrous. |
in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, acute to obtuse; outer lanceolate, inner linear-lanceolate. |
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Heads | 75–200 in open paniculiform arrays, branches divaricate, ascending to recurved, weakly to strongly secund, to 50 cm, secondary branches less than 3 cm. |
(70–)150–1300+, secund, in secund pyramidal-paniculiform arrays (obscurely so and club-shaped thyrsiform in small plants or shoots with small arrays), branches divergent and recurved, branches and peduncles hairy. |
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Cypselae | 2.5–3 mm, moderately short-strigose; pappi 2 mm. |
(narrowly obconic) 1–1.5 mm (ribbed), sparsely strigose; pappi 1.8–2.2 mm. |
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2n | = 18. |
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Solidago brachyphylla |
Solidago canadensis |
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Phenology | Flowering (Sep–)Oct(–Nov). | |||||
Habitat | Open woods, coastal plain, and piedmont | |||||
Elevation | 10–100+ m (0–300+ ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; NC; SC
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CT; DE; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SD; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC [Introduced, Europe]
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Discussion | Solidago brachyphylla possibly occurs also in Mississippi. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Solidago canadensis is cultivated and introduced in more western states and in Europe. Very narrow limits for the species are followed here. Alternatively, the species has been defined broadly to include most other species of the subsection (e.g., A. Cronquist 1994). Solidago ×bartramiana Fernald [S. canadensis var. bartramiana (Fernald) Beaudry] is considered to be a hybrid between S. canadensis and S. uliginosa. Its growth form and array are more like those of the latter. Two sometimes difficult-to-distinguish varieties with greatly overlapping ranges are recognized. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 133. | FNA vol. 20, p. 151. | ||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Argutae > ser. Argutae | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Triplinerviae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | S. boottii var. brachyphylla, S. pallescens | Aster canadensis | ||||
Name authority | Chapman ex Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 218. (1842) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 878. (1753) | ||||
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