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silverrod, verge d'or bicolore, white goldenrod

alpine goldenrod, northern goldenrod, northern or Rocky Mountain goldenrod, Rocky Mountain goldenrod, verge d'or à rayons nombreux

Habit Plants 20–100 cm; caudices branching. Plants (3–)10–30(–80) cm; caudices branched.
Stems

1(–5), erect, usually branching only in array, moderately to densely hispido-villous.

1–10(–30+), decumbent to erect, slender, tufted, proximally glabrous or sparsely hairy, densely short-hispido-strigose in arrays.

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline tapering to winged petioles, blades oblanceolate to ovate, 35–210 × 15–50 mm, margins serrate or crenate, apices acute, sparsely to moderately soft hispido-villous, more densely so on abaxial nerves;

rosettes on rhizome branches sometimes present at flowering;

mid and distal cauline sessile, blades elliptic, 15–50 × 5–15 mm, distally reduced, margins entire.

basal and proximal cauline petiolate;

petioles winged, margins ciliate;

blades linear-oblanceolate to spatulate, 10–170 × 3–30 mm, serrate to crenate near apices;

distal cauline sessile;

blades sometimes subclasping stems, ovate to linear-lanceolate, 16–20 × 7–11 mm, margins often distinctly ciliate.

Peduncles

1.5–2.5 mm, hispido-villous to canescent.

5–6 mm, villous;

bracteoles 0–2, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate.

Involucres

campanulate, 3–5 mm.

4–8 mm.

Ray florets

7–9 (white);

laminae 3.5–4 × 1–1.5 mm.

12–18;

laminae 3–4 × 0.5–1 mm.

Disc florets

9–12;

corollas 3–4 mm, lobes 0.6–1.2 mm.

10–35;

corollas 3–5 mm, lobes 0.3–1 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3–4 series, appressed, strongly unequal, oblong, margins white, scarious, apices obtuse to rounded.

unequal to subequal, outer linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, lengths ± 2/3 inner, margins ciliate, apices acute to attenuate.

Heads

12–270 (1–15 per branch) in usually wand-shaped paniculiform arrays, of short axillary and terminal racemiform, non-secund clusters, sometimes proximal branches elongated, ascending and bearing short axillary and terminal racemiform clusters.

4–75(–100+), not secund, in dense, round-topped corymbiform arrays;

branches white villous.

Cypselae

(narrowly obconic) 1.5–2.5 mm, smooth or with 5–8 narrow, darker, sunken striations, glabrous or sparsely strigose;

pappi 2.5–3.5 mm (sometimes strongly clavate).

1.5–4 mm, sparsely to moderately strigose;

pappi 3–4 mm (inner bristles clavate).

2n

=18.

= 18, 36.

Solidago bicolor

Solidago multiradiata

Phenology Flowering Aug–Oct. Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Sandy and clay soils, dry open woods, rocky slopes, disturbed soils Tundra and tundralike habitats, alpine slopes and meadows
Elevation 0–1000+ m (0–3300+ ft) 0–3700 m (0–12100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Solidago multiradiata is the North American species most closely related to S. virgaurea, the type species of the genus, native to mostly arctic and alpine regions of Eurasia. Plants of S. multiradiata from the Rocky Mountains have been treated as var. scopulorum; they differ so little from those of other parts of the range that recognition of the variety without further support does not appear justified.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 20, p. 120. FNA vol. 20, p. 111.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Squarrosae Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Multiradiatae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Synonyms Aster bicolor, Aster pubens, S. alba, S. curtisii var. pubens, S. pubens Aster multiradiatus, S. algida, S. cusickii, S. dilatata, S. heterophylla, S. multiradiata var. arctica, S. multiradiata var. scopulorum, S. rubra, S. scopulorum, S. virgaurea var. arctica, S. virgaurea var. multiradiata
Name authority Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 2: 556. (1767): Mant. 1: 114. (1767) Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 218. (1789)
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