Solanum wallacei |
Solanum triflorum |
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Catalina nightshade, greasy or Santa Catalina or Wallace's nightshade, northern island nightshade, Wallace's nightshade |
cut-leaf nightshade, three flower nightshade |
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Habit | Shrubs or small trees, erect to spreading, unarmed, 1–1.5(–3) m, densely pubescent, hairs transparent, unbranched, to ca. 3 mm, usually glandular. | Herbs, annual, decumbent to prostrate, unarmed, to 0.4 m, fleshy, nearly glabrous to moderately pubescent, hairs unbranched, to 2 mm, eglandular, rarely glandular. |
Leaves | petiolate; petiole 1–2.5(–4) cm; blade simple, elliptic to obovate, 3–11(–14) × 1.6–5.5(–9) cm, margins entire or slightly undulate, occasionally with 2 small lobes at base, lobe margins entire, base truncate or acute. |
petiolate; petiole 0.5–2.5 cm; blade simple, elliptic to oblong, 2–5 × 1–3 cm, margins shallowly lobed to deeply and regularly pinnatifid with 3–6 lobes per side, lobe margins entire or occasionally coarsely lobed, base cuneate and decurrent. |
Inflorescences | terminal or lateral, leaf-opposed or extra-axillary, usually once-branched, occasionally more, 20–30-flowered, (2–)4–10 cm. |
extra-axillary, unbranched, umbel-like, 1–6-flowered, 1–3 cm. |
Pedicels | inserted into small sleeve on inflorescence axis, 1.5–2 cm in flower and fruit. |
spreading and 0.5–1.5 cm in flower, reflexed and 0.5–1.5 cm in fruit. |
Flowers | radially symmetric; calyx not accrescent, unarmed, 6–7 mm, densely pubescent, lobes deltate; corolla violet to purple with or without green spots at base of lobes, spots usually small and not confluent, rotate, 3–4.5 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers ellipsoidal, 4.5–5 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary glabrous. |
radially symmetric; calyx accrescent and covering base of berry, unarmed, 2–4(–7) mm, moderately pubescent, lobes deltate, reflexed; corolla white or light purple with green or purplish central star, stellate, 0.5–1 cm diam., with sparse interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers narrowly ellipsoidal, 2.5–4 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary glabrous. |
Berries | shiny green, turning yellow then black, globose, 3–4 cm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules. |
shiny dark green to purplish black, globose, 0.8–2 cm diam., glabrous, with 13–30 sclerotic granules. |
Seeds | reddish brown, plump to flattened, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm, minutely pitted. |
yellow, plump, 2–3 × 2–2.5 mm, minutely pitted. |
2n | = 24. |
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Solanum wallacei |
Solanum triflorum |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Aug. | Flowering Apr–Sep. |
Habitat | Chaparral, open areas, canyon bottoms. | Disturbed areas, roadsides, stream banks, along railroad tracks, prairie dog towns. |
Elevation | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | (0–)700–2900 m. ((0–)2300–9500 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA
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AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; KS; MA; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; South America (Argentina) [Introduced in Europe, Africa, Australia]
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Discussion | Solanum wallacei is endemic to Santa Catalina Island. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solanum triflorum is found in South America (Argentina) and is also considered to be native to central and western North America. It is occasionally adventive in the eastern United States. It is poisonous to livestock and can become a serious weed in cultivated fields, especially in the Great Plains. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Solanum | Solanaceae > Solanum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. xanti var. wallacei, S. umbelliferum var. wallacei | |
Name authority | (A. Gray) Parish: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 3, 2: 166. (1901) | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 128. (1818) |
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