Solanum wallacei |
Solanum aviculare |
|
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Catalina nightshade, greasy or Santa Catalina or Wallace's nightshade, northern island nightshade, Wallace's nightshade |
New Zealand nightshade |
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Habit | Shrubs or small trees, erect to spreading, unarmed, 1–1.5(–3) m, densely pubescent, hairs transparent, unbranched, to ca. 3 mm, usually glandular. | Shrubs, erect, unarmed, 1–4 m, glabrous. |
Leaves | petiolate; petiole 1–2.5(–4) cm; blade simple, elliptic to obovate, 3–11(–14) × 1.6–5.5(–9) cm, margins entire or slightly undulate, occasionally with 2 small lobes at base, lobe margins entire, base truncate or acute. |
petiolate; petiole 1–1.5 cm; blade simple, elliptic, 10–30 × 2–15 cm, margins entire or coarsely pinnatifid with 1–3 lobes per side, lobe margins entire, base cuneate. |
Inflorescences | terminal or lateral, leaf-opposed or extra-axillary, usually once-branched, occasionally more, 20–30-flowered, (2–)4–10 cm. |
leaf-opposed or in branch fork, unbranched or forked, to 10-flowered, to 15 cm. |
Pedicels | inserted into small sleeve on inflorescence axis, 1.5–2 cm in flower and fruit. |
1.5–2 cm in flower and fruit. |
Flowers | radially symmetric; calyx not accrescent, unarmed, 6–7 mm, densely pubescent, lobes deltate; corolla violet to purple with or without green spots at base of lobes, spots usually small and not confluent, rotate, 3–4.5 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers ellipsoidal, 4.5–5 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary glabrous. |
radially symmetric; calyx somewhat accrescent, unarmed, 3–4 mm, glabrous, lobes deltate; corolla blue to deep purple, rotate-stellate, lobes acute at apex, 3–4 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers oblong, slightly tapered, 3–4 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that sometimes open into longitudinal slits; ovary glabrous. |
Berries | shiny green, turning yellow then black, globose, 3–4 cm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules. |
bright orange to red, obovoid to ellipsoidal, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 cm, glabrous, with sclerotic granules inconspicuous to absent. |
Seeds | reddish brown, plump to flattened, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm, minutely pitted. |
reddish brown, flattened, 1.5–2 × 1.5–2 mm, finely reticulate. |
2n | = 46. |
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Solanum wallacei |
Solanum aviculare |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Aug. | Flowering Jan–Jul. |
Habitat | Chaparral, open areas, canyon bottoms. | Open, disturbed sites. |
Elevation | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | 0–2000 m. (0–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA
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CA; OR; Pacific Islands (New Guinea, New Zealand); Australia [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Solanum wallacei is endemic to Santa Catalina Island. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The name Solanum laciniatum Aiton has been misapplied to S. aviculare (for example, M. Nee 1993). Although only S. aviculare is listed in that treatment as occurring in California, both S. aviculare and S. laciniatum apparently are found there, and most photos labeled S. aviculare on the CalFlora website are of S. laciniatum. Solanum laciniatum has notched and ruffled corolla lobes with abundant interpetalar tissue (versus acute and entire corolla lobes with little interpetalar tissue in S. aviculare) and yellow fruits (versus red) with numerous stone cells (versus stone cells inconspicuous to absent). Solanum aviculare and S. laciniatum have been introduced from Australia and New Zealand as ornamentals and now are found in scattered localities in California, especially near the coast. Some plants have escaped and become naturalized, and these species have the potential to be invasive in the future. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Solanum | Solanaceae > Solanum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. xanti var. wallacei, S. umbelliferum var. wallacei | |
Name authority | (A. Gray) Parish: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 3, 2: 166. (1901) | G. Forster: Pl. Esc., 42. (1786) |
Web links |