Solanum triflorum |
Solanum stoloniferum |
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cut-leaf nightshade, three flower nightshade |
Fendler wild potato, Fendler's horsenettle, wild potato |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, decumbent to prostrate, unarmed, to 0.4 m, fleshy, nearly glabrous to moderately pubescent, hairs unbranched, to 2 mm, eglandular, rarely glandular. | Herbs, perennial, erect, bearing tubers to 3 cm, unarmed, to 0.7 m, sparsely to densely pubescent to strigose, hairs unbranched, eglandular. |
Leaves | petiolate; petiole 0.5–2.5 cm; blade simple, elliptic to oblong, 2–5 × 1–3 cm, margins shallowly lobed to deeply and regularly pinnatifid with 3–6 lobes per side, lobe margins entire or occasionally coarsely lobed, base cuneate and decurrent. |
petiolate; petiole 1.5–4 cm, with pair of entire lunate pseudostipules at base; blade compound, elliptic to ovate, 7.5–20 × 3.5–8 cm, margins divided with 1–4 pairs of leaflets, these sometimes interspersed with smaller, interjected leaflets, lowermost leaflets sometimes greatly reduced in size, leaflet margins entire, base cuneate to cordate. |
Inflorescences | extra-axillary, unbranched, umbel-like, 1–6-flowered, 1–3 cm. |
terminal, extra-axillary or leaf-opposed, generally forked or 3-fid, 3–26-flowered, to 10 cm. |
Pedicels | spreading and 0.5–1.5 cm in flower, reflexed and 0.5–1.5 cm in fruit. |
articulated near middle, 1.1–3.7 cm in flower and fruit. |
Flowers | radially symmetric; calyx accrescent and covering base of berry, unarmed, 2–4(–7) mm, moderately pubescent, lobes deltate, reflexed; corolla white or light purple with green or purplish central star, stellate, 0.5–1 cm diam., with sparse interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers narrowly ellipsoidal, 2.5–4 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary glabrous. |
radially symmetric; calyx not accrescent, unarmed, 4–8 mm, lobes deltate-acuminate; corolla purple, blue, pale pink, or rarely white, pentagonal to rotate, 1.8–3.3 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers oblong, slightly tapered, 3.5–6.5 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary glabrous. |
Berries | shiny dark green to purplish black, globose, 0.8–2 cm diam., glabrous, with 13–30 sclerotic granules. |
green, sometimes with dark green stripes or white spots, globose or slightly ovoid, 0.9–1.7 cm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules. |
Seeds | yellow, plump, 2–3 × 2–2.5 mm, minutely pitted. |
greenish white, rounded, 1–2 mm diam., rugose. |
2n | = 24. |
= 48. |
Solanum triflorum |
Solanum stoloniferum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Sep. | Flowering Jul–Oct(–Nov). |
Habitat | Disturbed areas, roadsides, stream banks, along railroad tracks, prairie dog towns. | Hillsides, stream bottoms, sandy soils, disturbed areas in grasslands, pinyon-juniper forests, alpine meadows, coniferous and deciduous forests. |
Elevation | (0–)700–2900 m. ((0–)2300–9500 ft.) | 1400–3100 m. (4600–10200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; KS; MA; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; South America (Argentina) [Introduced in Europe, Africa, Australia]
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AZ; NM; TX; Mexico
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Discussion | Solanum triflorum is found in South America (Argentina) and is also considered to be native to central and western North America. It is occasionally adventive in the eastern United States. It is poisonous to livestock and can become a serious weed in cultivated fields, especially in the Great Plains. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solanum stoloniferum is widespread in highland Mexico. Its northern range extends into New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and southwestern Texas. It is one of the most common and polymorphic species of wild potatoes in North America and Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Solanum | Solanaceae > Solanum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. fendleri, S. fendleri subsp. arizonicum, S. fendleri var. texense, S. leptosepalum | |
Name authority | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 128. (1818) | Schlechtendal: Linnaea 8: 255. (1833) |
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