Solanum triflorum |
Solanum pseudogracile |
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cut-leaf nightshade, three flower nightshade |
glowing nightshade |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, decumbent to prostrate, unarmed, to 0.4 m, fleshy, nearly glabrous to moderately pubescent, hairs unbranched, to 2 mm, eglandular, rarely glandular. | Herbs or shrubs, annual or perennial, erect, unarmed, to 1 m, sparsely to moderately pubescent, hairs unbranched, to 1 mm, eglandular. |
Leaves | petiolate; petiole 0.5–2.5 cm; blade simple, elliptic to oblong, 2–5 × 1–3 cm, margins shallowly lobed to deeply and regularly pinnatifid with 3–6 lobes per side, lobe margins entire or occasionally coarsely lobed, base cuneate and decurrent. |
petiolate; petiole 0.5–3 cm; blade simple, elliptic to lanceolate, 1.5–8 × 1–4 cm, margins entire or nearly so, base cuneate to attenuate. |
Inflorescences | extra-axillary, unbranched, umbel-like, 1–6-flowered, 1–3 cm. |
extra-axillary, unbranched or rarely forked, umbel-like, 3–8-flowered, 1–2 cm. |
Pedicels | spreading and 0.5–1.5 cm in flower, reflexed and 0.5–1.5 cm in fruit. |
0.5–1 cm in flower and fruit, recurved to reflexed in fruit. |
Flowers | radially symmetric; calyx accrescent and covering base of berry, unarmed, 2–4(–7) mm, moderately pubescent, lobes deltate, reflexed; corolla white or light purple with green or purplish central star, stellate, 0.5–1 cm diam., with sparse interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers narrowly ellipsoidal, 2.5–4 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary glabrous. |
radially symmetric; calyx not accrescent, unarmed, 1.5–3 mm, sparsely pubescent, lobes deltate, reflexed in fruit; corolla white with yellowish central star, stellate, 1–1.5 cm diam., with sparse interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers ellipsoidal, 2–3 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary glabrous. |
Berries | shiny dark green to purplish black, globose, 0.8–2 cm diam., glabrous, with 13–30 sclerotic granules. |
dull purplish black, globose, 0.5–1.5 cm diam., glabrous, without (or rarely with 2) sclerotic granules. |
Seeds | yellow, plump, 2–3 × 2–2.5 mm, minutely pitted. |
pale yellow, flattened, 1–1.3 × 0.8–0.9 mm, minutely pitted. |
2n | = 24. |
= 24. |
Solanum triflorum |
Solanum pseudogracile |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Sep. | Flowering May–Oct (year-round in Fla.). |
Habitat | Disturbed areas, roadsides, stream banks, along railroad tracks, prairie dog towns. | Coastal dunes, margins of maritime forests, brackish marshes. |
Elevation | (0–)700–2900 m. ((0–)2300–9500 ft.) | 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; KS; MA; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; South America (Argentina) [Introduced in Europe, Africa, Australia]
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX |
Discussion | Solanum triflorum is found in South America (Argentina) and is also considered to be native to central and western North America. It is occasionally adventive in the eastern United States. It is poisonous to livestock and can become a serious weed in cultivated fields, especially in the Great Plains. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solanum pseudogracile is very similar to and perhaps not distinct from S. chenopodioides. It is ecologically distinctive, occurring in sand dunes and salt marshes of the Atlantic and eastern Gulf Coastal Plain and inland in some parts of Florida and Georgia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Solanum | Solanaceae > Solanum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 128. (1818) | Heiser: Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 294. (1978) |
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