Solanum triflorum |
Solanum lycopersicum |
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cut-leaf nightshade, three flower nightshade |
garden tomato, tomate, tomato |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, decumbent to prostrate, unarmed, to 0.4 m, fleshy, nearly glabrous to moderately pubescent, hairs unbranched, to 2 mm, eglandular, rarely glandular. | Herbs, annual, erect or scandent, unarmed, ca. 0.5–1.5 m, moderately to densely pubescent, hairs simple, glandular and eglandular. |
Leaves | petiolate; petiole 0.5–2.5 cm; blade simple, elliptic to oblong, 2–5 × 1–3 cm, margins shallowly lobed to deeply and regularly pinnatifid with 3–6 lobes per side, lobe margins entire or occasionally coarsely lobed, base cuneate and decurrent. |
petiolate; petiole 2–10 cm; blade compound, elliptic, 10–30+ × 5–25 cm, margins divided with 3(–5) pairs of leaflets, interspersed with smaller interjected leaflets, leaflet margins toothed, base truncate to cordate. |
Inflorescences | extra-axillary, unbranched, umbel-like, 1–6-flowered, 1–3 cm. |
lateral, extra-axillary, simple or rarely forked, 4–15-flowered, to 10 cm. |
Pedicels | spreading and 0.5–1.5 cm in flower, reflexed and 0.5–1.5 cm in fruit. |
articulated near middle, 0.5–2 cm in flower, to 3 cm in fruit. |
Flowers | radially symmetric; calyx accrescent and covering base of berry, unarmed, 2–4(–7) mm, moderately pubescent, lobes deltate, reflexed; corolla white or light purple with green or purplish central star, stellate, 0.5–1 cm diam., with sparse interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers narrowly ellipsoidal, 2.5–4 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary glabrous. |
radially symmetric; calyx accrescent, unarmed, 5–25 mm, lobes 5–7, lanceolate-acuminate; corolla yellow, pentagonal to stellate, 1–3 cm diam., with interpetalar tissue at margins and bases of lobes; stamens equal; anthers narrow and tapered, 6–11 mm, each with a sterile apical appendage, dehiscent by oblong pores that open into introrse, longitudinal slits; ovary glabrous or glandular-puberulent. |
Berries | shiny dark green to purplish black, globose, 0.8–2 cm diam., glabrous, with 13–30 sclerotic granules. |
usually red, orange, or yellow, globose to ellipsoid or obovoid, 1.5–12 cm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules. |
Seeds | yellow, plump, 2–3 × 2–2.5 mm, minutely pitted. |
pale brown, flattened, 2–4 × 1.5–2 mm, pubescent. |
2n | = 24. |
= 24. |
Solanum triflorum |
Solanum lycopersicum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Sep. | Flowering year-round in Fla., May–frost elsewhere. |
Habitat | Disturbed areas, roadsides, stream banks, along railroad tracks, prairie dog towns. | Disturbed habitats, rich soils. |
Elevation | (0–)700–2900 m. ((0–)2300–9500 ft.) | 0–2000 m. (0–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; KS; MA; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; South America (Argentina) [Introduced in Europe, Africa, Australia]
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South America [Introduced in North America; introduced also in temperate and tropical countries worldwide]
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Discussion | Solanum triflorum is found in South America (Argentina) and is also considered to be native to central and western North America. It is occasionally adventive in the eastern United States. It is poisonous to livestock and can become a serious weed in cultivated fields, especially in the Great Plains. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The tomato is a major agricultural crop and is commonly grown in home gardens. The fruits can have a variety of shapes, sizes, colors, and flavors and are used raw or cooked in a vast array of dishes. Other parts of the plants are considered to be poisonous. The flowers can commonly be six- to eight-merous, especially in varieties selected for very large fruits. The ancestors of Solanum lycopersicum were originally from western South America, but the species is now known only from cultivation. Tomatoes frequently escape from cultivation or germinate in compost piles or garbage dumps but are very susceptible to frost, rarely persist, and are not invasive, even in warm climates. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Solanum | Solanaceae > Solanum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Lycopersicon esculentum, L. lycopersicum, L. esculentum var. cerasiforme, S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme | |
Name authority | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 128. (1818) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 185. (1753) |
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