Solanum triflorum |
Solanum dimidiatum |
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cut-leaf nightshade, three flower nightshade |
Torrey nightshade, Torrey's nightshade, western horsenettle |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, decumbent to prostrate, unarmed, to 0.4 m, fleshy, nearly glabrous to moderately pubescent, hairs unbranched, to 2 mm, eglandular, rarely glandular. | Herbs, perennial, erect, sparsely to moderately armed, to 1 m, prickles cream to yellowish, straight or slightly curved, to 6.5 mm, sparsely to densely pubescent, hairs whitish, sessile to short-stalked, stellate, (4–)6–10-rayed, central ray 1-celled and equal to or shorter than lateral rays. |
Leaves | petiolate; petiole 0.5–2.5 cm; blade simple, elliptic to oblong, 2–5 × 1–3 cm, margins shallowly lobed to deeply and regularly pinnatifid with 3–6 lobes per side, lobe margins entire or occasionally coarsely lobed, base cuneate and decurrent. |
petiolate; petiole 1–4 cm; blade simple, ovate, 6–15 × 3–10 cm, margins sinuate or shallowly to deeply lobed with 2–4 lobes per side, lobe margins entire to coarsely lobed, base truncate to cuneate and often oblique. |
Inflorescences | extra-axillary, unbranched, umbel-like, 1–6-flowered, 1–3 cm. |
extra-axillary, 1–several times branched, to ca. 20-flowered, 6–14 cm. |
Pedicels | spreading and 0.5–1.5 cm in flower, reflexed and 0.5–1.5 cm in fruit. |
1–2.5 cm in flower, 1.5–3 cm and curved downward in fruit. |
Flowers | radially symmetric; calyx accrescent and covering base of berry, unarmed, 2–4(–7) mm, moderately pubescent, lobes deltate, reflexed; corolla white or light purple with green or purplish central star, stellate, 0.5–1 cm diam., with sparse interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers narrowly ellipsoidal, 2.5–4 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits; ovary glabrous. |
radially symmetric; calyx not accrescent, unarmed or with sparse prickles, 6–14 mm, densely stellate-pubescent, lobes ovate-lanceolate; corolla lavender, pale blue, or sometimes white, stellate to stellate-pentagonal or rotate-stellate, 2–4.6 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue at margins and bases of lobes; stamens equal; anthers narrow and tapered, 5–9 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores; ovary minutely pubescent, hairs simple and stellate, rarely densely stellate-pubescent, glandular and eglandular. |
Berries | shiny dark green to purplish black, globose, 0.8–2 cm diam., glabrous, with 13–30 sclerotic granules. |
yellow, subovoid to depressed-globose, 1–2 × 1–2.5 cm, glabrous, without sclerotic granules. |
Seeds | yellow, plump, 2–3 × 2–2.5 mm, minutely pitted. |
yellow, flattened, 1.9–3 × 1.7–2.5 mm, minutely pitted. |
2n | = 24. |
= 72. |
Solanum triflorum |
Solanum dimidiatum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Sep. | Flowering Apr–Oct. |
Habitat | Disturbed areas, roadsides, stream banks, along railroad tracks, prairie dog towns. | Prairies, woodlands, disturbed areas. |
Elevation | (0–)700–2900 m. ((0–)2300–9500 ft.) | 20–700(–2000) m. (100–2300(–6600) ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; KS; MA; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; South America (Argentina) [Introduced in Europe, Africa, Australia]
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AR; CA; IL; KS; LA; MO; NM; OK; SC; TX; Mexico (Nuevo León) [Introduced in Australia]
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Discussion | Solanum triflorum is found in South America (Argentina) and is also considered to be native to central and western North America. It is occasionally adventive in the eastern United States. It is poisonous to livestock and can become a serious weed in cultivated fields, especially in the Great Plains. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solanum dimidiatum is found mainly in the southcentral United States, with outlier populations in Illinois, Missouri, New Mexico, and South Carolina. The species is introduced in California, where it is considered a noxious weed by the California Department of Agriculture. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Solanum | Solanaceae > Solanum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | S. torreyi | |
Name authority | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 128. (1818) | Rafinesque: Autik. Bot., 107. (1840) |
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