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bhankatiya, devil's fig, fausse aubergine, kausoni, prickly solanum, terongan, turkey berry

viscid nightshade

Habit Shrubs or trees, erect, sparsely to moderately armed, 1–4 m, prickles brownish, straight to recurved, 3–7 mm, moderately to densely pubescent, hairs sessile to short-stalked, stellate, 4–8-rayed, central ray shorter than or equal to lateral rays, moderately pubescent with unbranched, glandular hairs on inflorescences and calyces. Herbs, annual, erect to decumbent, unarmed, to 1 m, moderately to densely pubescent, hairs unbranched, to 2 mm, glandular.
Leaves

petiolate;

petiole 1–5 cm;

blade simple, ovate to elliptic, 7–23 × 4–14 cm, margins subentire to coarsely lobed with 3–4 lobes per side, lobe margins entire to coarsely lobed, base truncate to subcordate and asymmetrical.

petiolate;

petiole 0.5–3 cm;

blade simple, ovate to elliptic, 3–7.5 × 3–6 cm, margins entire to sinuate-dentate, base truncate to cordate.

Inflorescences

extra-axillary, unbranched or branched, 10–20-flowered, to 6 cm.

leaf-opposed or occasionally extra-axillary, unbranched, umbel-like, 2–5(–7)-flowered, 0.5–1.5 cm.

Pedicels

1–1.5 cm in flower, erect and 1.5–2.5 cm in fruit.

0.5–1 cm in flower and fruit, spreading in flower, reflexed in fruit.

Flowers

radially symmetric;

calyx slightly accrescent, unarmed, 4–8 mm, sparsely to moderately pubescent with unbranched, gland-tipped hairs, lobes lanceolate;

corolla white, stellate, 2–3 cm diam., with sparse interpetalar tissue;

stamens equal;

anthers narrow and tapered, 6–9 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores;

ovary glabrous or glandular-puberulent at apex.

radially symmetric;

calyx accrescent and nearly covering berry, unarmed, 2–3 mm, sparsely to moderately pubescent, lobes narrowly triangular;

corolla white with yellowish or greenish central star, rotate-stellate, 0.5–1 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue;

stamens equal;

anthers ellipsoidal, 1.2–2 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits;

ovary glabrous.

Berries

green to yellow, globose, 1–1.5 cm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules.

dull pale green, globose, 0.5–1 cm diam., glabrous, with 4–6 sclerotic granules.

Seeds

light brown, flattened, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, minutely pitted.

pale yellow, flattened, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm, nearly smooth.

2n

= 24.

= 24.

Solanum torvum

Solanum sarrachoides

Phenology Flowering year-round in frost-free areas. Flowering May–Oct.
Habitat Disturbed sites. Farmyards, fields, open wood­lands, roadsides, disturbed areas.
Elevation 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela) [Introduced in Asia, Africa, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; CT; FL; IL; KS; MD; MO; NC; OK; RI; SC; VA; WA; s South America (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Europe, Africa (South Africa)]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Solanum torvum is listed by the United States federal government and several states as a noxious weed. It is occasional to rare in peninsular Florida and could possibly become invasive elsewhere in subtropical climates. The green fruits are used in Asian and West Indian cuisine, often as an addition to soups and curries.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Many accounts of Solanum sarrachoides in North America actually refer either to S. nitidibaccatum or to a mixture of the two species. In North America, S. sarrachoides is much less widespread and common than S. nitidibaccatum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Solanaceae > Solanum Solanaceae > Solanum
Sibling taxa
S. americanum, S. aviculare, S. bahamense, S. campechiense, S. capsicoides, S. carolinense, S. chenopodioides, S. citrullifolium, S. cordicitum, S. davisense, S. deflexum, S. dimidiatum, S. diphyllum, S. donianum, S. douglasii, S. dulcamara, S. elaeagnifolium, S. emulans, S. erianthum, S. furcatum, S. hindsianum, S. interius, S. jamaicense, S. jamesii, S. laciniatum, S. lanceolatum, S. lumholtzianum, S. lycopersicum, S. marginatum, S. mauritianum, S. nigrescens, S. nigrum, S. nitidibaccatum, S. novomexicanum, S. perplexum, S. pseudocapsicum, S. pseudogracile, S. pumilum, S. rostratum, S. sarrachoides, S. seaforthianum, S. setigeroides, S. sisymbriifolium, S. stoloniferum, S. tampicense, S. tenuipes, S. triflorum, S. triquetrum, S. umbelliferum, S. viarum, S. wallacei
S. americanum, S. aviculare, S. bahamense, S. campechiense, S. capsicoides, S. carolinense, S. chenopodioides, S. citrullifolium, S. cordicitum, S. davisense, S. deflexum, S. dimidiatum, S. diphyllum, S. donianum, S. douglasii, S. dulcamara, S. elaeagnifolium, S. emulans, S. erianthum, S. furcatum, S. hindsianum, S. interius, S. jamaicense, S. jamesii, S. laciniatum, S. lanceolatum, S. lumholtzianum, S. lycopersicum, S. marginatum, S. mauritianum, S. nigrescens, S. nigrum, S. nitidibaccatum, S. novomexicanum, S. perplexum, S. pseudocapsicum, S. pseudogracile, S. pumilum, S. rostratum, S. seaforthianum, S. setigeroides, S. sisymbriifolium, S. stoloniferum, S. tampicense, S. tenuipes, S. torvum, S. triflorum, S. triquetrum, S. umbelliferum, S. viarum, S. wallacei
Name authority Swartz: Prodr., 47. (1788) — name proposed for conservation Sendtner in C. F. P. von Martius et al.: Fl. Bras. 10: 18, plate 1, figs. 1–8. (1846)
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