Solanum seaforthianum |
Solanum lanceolatum |
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Brazilian nightshade |
lance leaf nightshade, orangeberry nightshade |
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Habit | Shrubs or small trees, erect, sparsely armed, 1–2(–3.5) m, prickles brownish, straight or recurved, to 10 mm, moderately to densely bright white-pubescent, hairs sessile to short-stalked, stellate, 5–8-rayed, central ray shorter than lateral rays. | |
Leaves | petiolate; petioles twining around supports, 1–4 cm; blade simple to compound, elliptic to broadly ovate, (2–)3.5–10(–13) × (1–)2–9(–11) cm, margins entire to divided with up to 4 pairs of leaflets, leaflet margins entire, base truncate or slightly cordate. |
petiolate; petiole 1.5–4 cm; blade simple, ovate to elliptic, 5–25 × 3–15 cm, margins entire to shallowly lobed with 2–4 lobes per side, lobe margins entire to undulate, base obtuse to cordate. |
Inflorescences | terminal, becoming lateral, extra-axillary, much-branched, to 100+-flowered, to 25+ cm. |
extra-axillary, usually much-branched, 10–20-flowered, to 10 cm. |
Pedicels | inserted into small sleeve on inflorescence axis, 0.8–1.4 cm in flower and fruit. |
0.5–1 cm in flower, erect and 1–2 cm in fruit. |
Flowers | radially symmetric; calyx not accrescent, unarmed, ca. 0.5 mm, nearly truncate, glabrous or sparsely pubescent on lobe tips; corolla purple, stellate, 1–2.5 cm diam., with sparse interpetalar tissue; stamens unequal due to unequal filaments; anthers ellipsoidal, 2–3 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores; ovary glabrous. |
radially symmetric; calyx not accrescent, unarmed, 5–8 mm, densely stellate-pubescent, lobes triangular; corolla usually blue to purple, rarely whitish, stellate to rotate-stellate, 2.5–4 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue; stamens equal; anthers narrow and tapered, 6–8 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores; ovary glabrous to stellate-pubescent. |
Berries | bright shiny red, globose, 0.8–1.5 cm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules. |
yellow to orange, globose, 0.7–1.5 cm diam., stellate-pubescent at apex, without sclerotic granules. |
Seeds | pale yellowish tan, flattened, 4–4.5 × 2.5-3 mm, minutely pitted. |
yellow to light brown, flattened, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, minutely pitted. |
Climbing | or scrambling vines, woody, unarmed, to ca. 3 m, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, hairs white, unbranched, ca. 0.2 mm. |
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2n | = 24. |
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Solanum seaforthianum |
Solanum lanceolatum |
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Phenology | Flowering year-round. | Flowering Apr–Aug. |
Habitat | Disturbed sites. | Disturbed sites. |
Elevation | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) | 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.) |
Distribution |
FL; Mexico; West Indies; Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama); South America (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela) [Introduced in North America; introduced also elsewhere in South America (Argentina, Paraguay, Peru), Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]
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CA; Mexico; Central America
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Discussion | Solanum seaforthianum is widely cultivated as an ornamental and sporadically escapes in Florida. A similar species with twining petioles, S. laxum Sprengel, is occasionally cultivated in California. It is distinguished from S. seaforthianum by having tufts of hairs in the vein axils of the abaxial leaf surfaces, white rather than violet corollas, and equal stamens. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Solanum lanceolatum is naturalized along the California coast and inland in central and southern California, where it is listed as a noxious weed by the California Department of Agriculture. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Solanaceae > Solanum | Solanaceae > Solanum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Andrews: Bot. Repos. 8: plate 504. (1808) | Cavanilles: Icon. 3: 23, plate 245. (1795) |
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