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Jerusalem cherry, Jerusalem- or winter-cherry, Jerusalem-cherry nightshade

viscid nightshade

Habit Shrubs, erect, unarmed, to 1 m, glabrous to densely pubescent, hairs dendritically branched. Herbs, annual, erect to decumbent, unarmed, to 1 m, moderately to densely pubescent, hairs unbranched, to 2 mm, glandular.
Leaves

petiolate;

petiole 0.2–1 cm;

blade simple, elliptic, 1–9 × 0.5–4.5 cm, margins entire, base acute to attenuate.

petiolate;

petiole 0.5–3 cm;

blade simple, ovate to elliptic, 3–7.5 × 3–6 cm, margins entire to sinuate-dentate, base truncate to cordate.

Inflorescences

leaf-opposed, unbranched, 1–8-flowered, 0.2–1 cm.

leaf-opposed or occasionally extra-axillary, unbranched, umbel-like, 2–5(–7)-flowered, 0.5–1.5 cm.

Pedicels

0.3–0.7 cm in flower, 0.8–1 cm and erect in fruit.

0.5–1 cm in flower and fruit, spreading in flower, reflexed in fruit.

Flowers

radially symmetric;

calyx somewhat accrescent, unarmed, 2.5–6 mm, glabrous to densely pubescent with dendritic hairs, lobes long-triangular;

corolla white, stellate, 1–1.5(–2.5) cm diam., without interpetalar tissue;

stamens equal;

anthers oblong, 3–4 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits;

ovary glabrous.

radially symmetric;

calyx accrescent and nearly covering berry, unarmed, 2–3 mm, sparsely to moderately pubescent, lobes narrowly triangular;

corolla white with yellowish or greenish central star, rotate-stellate, 0.5–1 cm diam., with abundant interpetalar tissue;

stamens equal;

anthers ellipsoidal, 1.2–2 mm, dehiscent by terminal pores that open into longitudinal slits;

ovary glabrous.

Berries

yellow to orange or red, globose, 1–2 cm diam., glabrous, without sclerotic granules.

dull pale green, globose, 0.5–1 cm diam., glabrous, with 4–6 sclerotic granules.

Seeds

yellowish, flattened with thickened margins, 3–4 × 2.5–3 mm, minutely pitted.

pale yellow, flattened, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm, nearly smooth.

2n

= 24.

= 24.

Solanum pseudocapsicum

Solanum sarrachoides

Phenology Flowering May–Sep. Flowering May–Oct.
Habitat Disturbed sites. Farmyards, fields, open wood­lands, roadsides, disturbed areas.
Elevation 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) 0–500 m. (0–1600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; often escaped in tropical and subtropical countries worldwide [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; CT; FL; IL; KS; MD; MO; NC; OK; RI; SC; VA; WA; s South America (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Europe, Africa (South Africa)]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Solanum pseudocapsicum is native from Mexico to Argentina, southern Brazil, and Uruguay. It is grown as an ornamental for its showy fruits, especially around Christmas. It occasionally escapes from cultivation in southern Florida and Texas. In Texas, it has become established and fairly common in Austin, in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, and in Goliad and Caldwell counties. Cultivated forms are usually glabrous, but some can have branched pubescence. The fruits are mildly poisonous when ingested by humans but can be highly toxic to dogs and some birds.

Solanum pseudocapsicum, along with S. diphyllum, has a distinctive leaf arrangement in which a longer, narrower leaf is paired with a shorter, often more rounded one.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Many accounts of Solanum sarrachoides in North America actually refer either to S. nitidibaccatum or to a mixture of the two species. In North America, S. sarrachoides is much less widespread and common than S. nitidibaccatum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Solanaceae > Solanum Solanaceae > Solanum
Sibling taxa
S. americanum, S. aviculare, S. bahamense, S. campechiense, S. capsicoides, S. carolinense, S. chenopodioides, S. citrullifolium, S. cordicitum, S. davisense, S. deflexum, S. dimidiatum, S. diphyllum, S. donianum, S. douglasii, S. dulcamara, S. elaeagnifolium, S. emulans, S. erianthum, S. furcatum, S. hindsianum, S. interius, S. jamaicense, S. jamesii, S. laciniatum, S. lanceolatum, S. lumholtzianum, S. lycopersicum, S. marginatum, S. mauritianum, S. nigrescens, S. nigrum, S. nitidibaccatum, S. novomexicanum, S. perplexum, S. pseudogracile, S. pumilum, S. rostratum, S. sarrachoides, S. seaforthianum, S. setigeroides, S. sisymbriifolium, S. stoloniferum, S. tampicense, S. tenuipes, S. torvum, S. triflorum, S. triquetrum, S. umbelliferum, S. viarum, S. wallacei
S. americanum, S. aviculare, S. bahamense, S. campechiense, S. capsicoides, S. carolinense, S. chenopodioides, S. citrullifolium, S. cordicitum, S. davisense, S. deflexum, S. dimidiatum, S. diphyllum, S. donianum, S. douglasii, S. dulcamara, S. elaeagnifolium, S. emulans, S. erianthum, S. furcatum, S. hindsianum, S. interius, S. jamaicense, S. jamesii, S. laciniatum, S. lanceolatum, S. lumholtzianum, S. lycopersicum, S. marginatum, S. mauritianum, S. nigrescens, S. nigrum, S. nitidibaccatum, S. novomexicanum, S. perplexum, S. pseudocapsicum, S. pseudogracile, S. pumilum, S. rostratum, S. seaforthianum, S. setigeroides, S. sisymbriifolium, S. stoloniferum, S. tampicense, S. tenuipes, S. torvum, S. triflorum, S. triquetrum, S. umbelliferum, S. viarum, S. wallacei
Synonyms S. capsicastrum
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 184. (1753) Sendtner in C. F. P. von Martius et al.: Fl. Bras. 10: 18, plate 1, figs. 1–8. (1846)
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